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Jejunum is the part of the middle of the small intestine in higher vertebrates most, including mammals, reptiles, birds. In fish, it is not so clear, may be used instead of jejunal environment and middle intestines intestinal condition split of the small intestine. Ileum duodenum between the jejunum. Change from the duodenum to the jejunum so (see stomach) “closed” camera tri-link tool, which is usually defined as a bending Duodenojejunal, it has been applied. In adults, the small intestine, in general, the jejunum is 5.5 ~ 6 m length of 2.5 m. PH of the small intestine is between (weakly alkaline or neutral) 7-9. If the jejunum was initiated by the impact dull reflection vomiting. It is suspended by mesentery which gives great mobility abdominal intestinal ileum and jejunum. It also includes a vertical and smooth muscle helps to move food through a process called peristalsis.

Mucosa of the small intestine is specialized for absorption by the intestines of small food particles are digested by enzymes in the duodenum during previous. Stayed was absorbed once (excluding fat go lymphatic) nutrients enterohepatic circulation of intestine, blood is processed and enters the liver via the hepatic portal vein.

The irradiated surface of the ileum, the projections of the mucosa called villi increase the surface area of ​​tissue that can be used to absorb the nutrients from the food ingested, and is covered by the finger. These villi epithelial cell line with the villi. Transport of nutrients across the epithelial cells, contains passive transport of fructose and glucose, active transport of amino acids, small peptides, vitamins, and glucose through the ileum and jejunum. Jejunum villi is much longer than in the jejunum or duodenum.

Jejunum are included (in the ileum) or Peyer’s patches (duodenum) Brunner glands very few. However, it was suspended in veil, there is a jejunum lymph nodes some. I have a large circular folds very submucosal called circular folds increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients at the beginning of the small intestine. Annular folds have been developed at the beginning of the best small intestine.

Mesentery is responsible for the binding of (part of the small intestine) ileum and jejunum to the back wall of the abdomen points (ie, the first definition) peritoneal correctly. A blood vessel, nerve and lymphatic between two sheets of peritoneum. This can be part of these intestine to move relatively freely in abdominopelvic cavity. However, feeling for example because it is the center line pain, in general, the brain does not allow you to display their meaning accurately.

The root of the appropriate mesenteric extension (lower right) level to 15 cm bending duodenojejunal on the left side of the L2 at an angle to the ileocecal region at the level of the right sacroiliac joint well in the right iliac. Root of the mesentery crosses the right gonadal artery part of the second and third of the duodenum, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava right ureter, and right psoas major muscle.

The transverse colon mesentery, meso times the peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the back wall of the abdomen, is wide. It, after separating the surround transverse colon, it is continuous with the two rear section of participation omental behind it, when to vent on the front of the front border of the pancreas, and they continue to return to spine. Fold this, it contains the blood vessels supplying the transverse colon between the layers. Transverse colon mesentery is derived from the dorsal mesentery in embryo.

Peristalsis is the relaxation and contraction of radial symmetry propagation muscle to down tube wave of muscle by the method of antegrade. In humans, it is a peristaltic contraction of smooth muscles to drive the contents through the digestive tract. This is because the wave of contraction of the circular muscle and leading vertical, there is a wave of relaxation of these muscles. Earthworms uses a similar mechanism to drive their movements. The surrounding, from “around” stallein derived from the Latin word to new “include”, which comes from the Greek word peristallein, it is the word. In order to obtain a peristaltic wave that causes (called a bolus chyme in the gastrointestinal tract in the stomach and esophagus) balls food digestive tract of a sequence length of the gastrointestinal tract most contracts smooth muscle . In order to follow the contraction of smooth muscle in the longitudinal direction for pressing forward digests behind initiated by contraction of smooth muscles of the circular to prevent the back of the mouth, peristalsis chewed material. Catastalsis process involves the muscles of the bowel.

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It is the first part of the small intestine in higher vertebrates most, including duodenum mammals, reptiles, birds. In fish, department of the small intestine, which can be used for duodenum and not in the vicinity of the colon and small intestine term forward is not clear. It may be a major site for absorption of duodenum, of iron in mammals. Ileum duodenum and jejunum, followed by a short portion of the small intestine where most chemical milling is performed. Is from the duodenum or the Latin duodenum extensor digitorum name “width 12 toes.” In humans, 25-38 cm which connects the stomach to the jejunum long (10-15 inches), duodenum, is about hollow tube joint. It begins with the duodenal bulb in the ligament of Treitz.

The duodenum, with the enzyme, is responsible mainly for the breakdown of food in the small intestine. Villi of the duodenum, was looking for a recognizable structure histologically appearance and rich green. Brunner glands found in the duodenum only mucus. It is composed of a very thin layer of cells that form the duodenal wall muscle layer mucosa. Duodenum is retroperitoneal almost completely. Is composed of three parts, it has a significance of its own each piece.

The duodenum, to adjust the rate of gastric emptying by the route of the hormone. The cholecystokinin and secretin, it is released from the epithelial cells of the duodenum in response to a stimulus in the fatty acid is present when it is released into the duodenum further decomposed gastric chyme and open pylorus. They cause liver and gallbladder to release the pancreas and bile to release digestive enzymes and bicarbonate salt such as lipase trypsin, amylase and duodenum as they are needed. The duodenum is divided into four parts for the purposes of illustration. The first three sections in the “C” curve line groove the head of the pancreas is located. (Covered by peritoneum) 2 cm only the first portion of the superior is removable – is 3 cm distal, is retroperitoneal first along with the rest of the duodenum.

Part of the second (descending order) of the duodenum begins bending duodenum excellent. Prior to the sharp turn inside the duodenum under bending, and passes down to the lower edge of the L3 vertebral body. Common bile duct and pancreatic duct, and enter the descending duodenum known together as (pancreatic duct or in the United States) hepatopancreatic duct for (known as ampoule of Vater) duodenal papilla most. Duodenal papilla minor, accessory pancreatic duct entrance to Santorini are also included, this part of the duodenum. Junction between the midgut and embryonic foregut is located under the main simply duodenal papilla. The duodenum, I have prepared the arterial blood from two different sources. The transition between sources of these, there is it to come out from the intestine intestine before.

Closest to (about major duodenal papilla that bile duct enters) second part of the duodenum – artery coat of its branches on pancreaticoduodenal artery and gastroduodenal artery. Of artery (middle intestine) so far artery membrane between the distal intestine is (SMA), the branch bottom duodenal artery, and supplies it to the section of the third and fourth. Since form anastomosis line (SMA and gastrointestinal artery respectively) SMA between pancreaticoduodenal artery and lower abdominal cavity and upper trunk, there is a possibility of collateral circulation here. Duodenal vein drainage follows the arteries. In the end, directly or indirectly, these veins are discharged into the portal system through the mesenteric vein and spleen.

Lymphatic vessels, please follow the artery in a retrograde fashion. Front lymphatic discharge position pancreatoduodenal lymph nodes along the pylorus (along the gastroduodenal artery) lymph node then high and low pancreatoduodenal artery. Rear lymphatics run in many of the mesenteric lymph nodes and pass the period of the pancreatic head. Efferent lymphatic from the duodenum lymph nodes, pass into the abdominal lymph nodes eventually.

In anatomy, gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessels in the abdomen.
(Distal portion of the stomach), and provides blood directly to the proximal duodenum pylorus, (through the pancreatic duodenal artery many front and rear) head of the pancreas indirectly it. This is the most common hepatic artery from a common trunk of the abdominal cavity, but there are many variations of origin. It will lead to the first supraduodenal artery, the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is followed. When divided by (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery) anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and right gastroepiploic artery, it is, in the end branch. These branches form a functional anastomosis with the pancreatic duodenal artery lower front and rear from the superior mesenteric artery. Please note that exact branch vessel gastroduoenal artery is variable. Normally, you can not branch of front wide pancreaticoduodenal artery and back, come to common stem rarely independently in this order.

Head of the pancreas is part of the pancreas to be supplied to the curvature of the duodenum, I flatten the priority (conventional). Other parts of the pancreas is the body and tail. The boundary line of the right and left, and overlaps the front to match the excellent part of the horizontal portion overlapping beneath the duodenum, the upper limit, sneak in ascending order and descending part of the duodenum, respectively.

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Muscle that functions as an important organ of the digestive tract, hollow, stomach is Bell digestive system in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, molluscs and insects. After mastication.The stomach is located between the esophagus, small intestine, it is included in the decomposition stage of the second. Before sending the food is partially digested in the small intestine, this protease to assist (sent to it via the esophageal peristalsis), digestion through (called segmentation) strain of smooth muscle The secretion of a strong acid and protein-digesting enzyme called.

(Dough-ball) enters the stomach through the esophagus through the esophageal sphincter bolus. Stomach and releases, the hydrochloric acid to provide the acidic pH of two for the protease to work, the inhibition or kill bacteria and (protein digesting enzymes such as pepsin, for example) protease. Engaging a food called peristaltic through the stomach wall to the muscle contraction – as a tablet, before the loop, to reduce the volume of the bottom around the body of the stomach and bottom chyme becomes (food is partially digested) You. Through the pyloric sphincter slowly, extraction of nutrients begins, chyme passes into the duodenum of the small intestine. Depending on the content and amount of food, 40 minutes, where chyme between several hours stomach will digest food. Stomach of the average person will be able to hold about 1 liter food easily. Gastric juice in the stomach also contains the prorennin and pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid activates a prodrug of these enzymes in the form of active renin and pepsin is (protease). Caesinogen milk protein (soluble) (insoluble) renin, break in the coagulation of milk casein in this way. Pepsin, degrade protein polypeptides.

The stomach is between the (first part of the small intestine) duodenum and esophagus. This is the left upper abdomen. Is the upper portion of the stomach of the diaphragm. Pancreas is located behind the stomach. Omentum hangs down from the greater curvature. Sphincter of two, to keep the contents of the stomach is included. Path of the stomach, esophagus sphincter separating them (as opposed to the discovery of a heart, anatomical sphincter) and isolation pyloric sphincter from the small intestine. Very network of blood vessels and nerves, and back, and low in front of (a plexus of sympathetic stomach to regulate both motor and secretory activity of the (motion) activity (inhibitor) parasympathetic and (stimulant) muscle are surrounded by muscle layers) and the abdominal cavity. In adults, stomach relaxed about 45-75 ml, I have a volume of air in the vicinity. Since this is an elastic body, usually expanded to accommodate about one food, it can be retained as 2-3 liters equally. Baby stomach of human newborn will be able to hold about 30ml.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in a viable cell proliferation and differentiation. As seen in many human tissues including submandibular gland, parotid, EGF Although a low molecular weight, which is purified from mouse submandibular gland first polypeptide thereafter. Saliva EGF seems regulations inorganic iodine nutrition also plays an important physiological role in the maintenance of tissue integrity of the stomach and esophagus Oro. Suppression stomach and esophagus treatment of stomatitis, of gastric acid secretion, stimulation of DNA synthesis, and biological effects of salivary EGF is, of intraluminal mucosal damage physical gastric acid, bile acid, pepsin, and trypsin, and chemical etc. includes protection from factors, antimicrobial agent.

It varies greatly among vertebrates of different sizes and exact shape of the stomach, but the relative position of the duodenum and openings esophagus remains relatively constant. Result of the body, in front of the answer pyloric sphincter a little, and curve bending back from the left always. However, stomach, esophagus opens directly into the intestine at all bony fish some lampreys, hagfishes, chimeric, and lungfishes,. These animals will consume a meal that requires no pre-digestion or food storage and little or gastric juice or both, all. Gastric mucosa is divided into front portion facing the rear usually, the two regions, and pyloric glands and fundic gland. Glands of the heart is unique to mammals, they are not present in many species thereafter. Unlike among species, the distribution of these glands do not correspond to the same region as people always. In addition, the front of the glandular stomach of the heart, non-human mammals, many lined with epithelium is essentially identical to that of the esophagus. In particular, ruminants have a complex stomach, three chambers of the first of its all covered with the lining of the esophagus. Crocodiles and birds, the stomach is divided into two areas. Priority is connected gland area, along with fundic gland of narrow tubular, the stomach of true culture. Factory of powerful muscle, along with pyloric gland is located beyond, digest food is useful in some species, including the stone animal consumes