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Metaplasia cancer is cancer that begins in cells that have been modified (e.g. the esophagus to change, and is similar to squamous cell cancer, gastric) cell types other. In some cases, metaplastic changes and developing cancer, it can mean that there is a chance of increased site. Usually, from the lining of the lobules or milk ducts that provides the milk ducts, breast cancer is a cancer of the breast tissue. The cancer caused by the duct while known as lobular carcinoma, those originating from the unit are known as ductal carcinoma. Breast cancer occurs in humans and other mammals. There is a possibility that the majority of cases of men women, breast cancer occur in men.

Benefits to the harm of breast cancer is controversial. (Chemotherapy and hormone therapy) characteristics of cancer drug treatment setting, which may include surgery, immunotherapy and / or radiation. It provides the maximum benefit of a single chemotherapy regimen of some, are given in addition to general surgery, increase the chances of a cure. In many cases the local recurrence rate, the use of radiation to improve the overall survival rate and significantly after breast-conserving surgery. Worldwide, breast cancer is the account for (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), 9.0% of all cancers in women. In 2008, breast cancer, 458,503 deaths occurred all over the world. Tend to delay in diagnosis has a poor performance due to men, breast cancer is more than 100 times more often in women than in men.

Prediction of survival of breast cancer patients vary greatly depending on the type of the geographic location of the treatment of patients cancer, stage. Breast cancer is diagnosed with survive for at least five years, of women more than 10 people 8 (84%), for example, the survival rate of the western world is high in the UK. In developing countries, however, the survival rate is inferior to much. Symptoms that appear at the beginning of breast cancer is generally flat, it feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. Woman is detected more than 80% of breast cancer cases when you feel once. Most early-stage breast cancer that is detected by mammography. Mass is seen in the lymph nodes located at the underarm, can give [9] breast cancer.

You can change the position and shape of the particles can include a thickening that is different from the breast tissue of the other one, and high or low around the nipple is not inverted, the display of breast cancer and other skin several times emissions from swelling of the clavicle and around the armpits and pain, underarm and breast of certain of the nipple / s with a rash or folds, of. Is a tool that can not be trusted for determining the presence or absence of pain (“mastodynia”) breast cancer, it is possible to indicate health problems other breast.

Good breast cancer, the diagnosis of inflammatory breast cancer is a particular type may be a substantial challenge. Well, it is possible to include a texture orange peel redness itching, pain, swelling, nipple inversion, warmth and of the whole breast, skin, orange peel-like symptoms, dangerous detection delay once even though similar to the inflammation of the breast, I no longer visible. Complex of symptoms reported another breast cancer is Paget’s disease of the breast. This syndrome is represented by changes in the skin, such as a slight scaling of the nipple eczema and erythema. Progress Paget symptoms numbness, and may include itching, tenderness, burning or pain. In addition, there may be a discharge from the nipple. You have a lump in the breast also, about half of women diagnosed with Paget.

In rare cases, what appears first as there is a possibility of phyllodes tumor is actually a fibroadenoma (hard movable lump). Phyllodes tumor is formed connective tissue in the breast (connective tissue), interstitial tissue and glands were included. Phyllodes tumors disposed ordinary meaning, they are classified based on their appearance under a microscope benign, malignant, or as a border. Sometimes, breast cancer presents as metastatic is a cancer that has spread beyond the original body. Metastatic breast cancer produces symptoms depend on the location of the metastasis. Common sites of metastasis include bone, liver, lung, and brain. The unexplained weight loss, occasionally, symptoms of fever and chills will be able to tell the occult breast cancer as much as possible. Neurological symptoms and sometimes jaundice to allow the pain of bones and joints, there are symptoms of metastatic breast cancer. This means that it happens in many other diseases, these phenomena are referred to as non-specific.

That most of the symptoms of cancer, including the most mass is a primary breast cancer is not known. Less than 20% of the mass, for example, cancer, mastitis of breast such and benign breast disease, such as fibroadenoma is the most frequent cause for the symptoms of breast disease. However, because of the emergence of new symptoms, patient and physician should be taken seriously ability basic cancer, breast cancer, regardless of age.

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Breast infiltrating duct carcinoma is the medical term for the most common types of cancers that occur in human cancer. To put it simply, the cancer is a cancer start in tissue that arise from cells of ectodermal and mesodermal origin embryonic mesoderm to the general, the surface of the inside or outside of the body line. In particular, were obtained from the epithelial cells to be estimated changed or damaged to the extent that such cells are transformed in their genome cancer tumor tissues, and began to show the characteristics of the abnormal malignant. The long-term cancer is unknown (see CUP) development of its ancestors and origins, malignant tumor consisting of a doll quality transformed cells with specific typical, the histological features molecules, cells and epithelial cells now included. This may include ornamental motif as a pseudo-stratified or delamination and / or production of one or more forms of intermediate filaments or other cytokeratin bridge between cells, keratin pearls, and tissue.

Cancer occurs when storing the compound biochemical other precursor cells constitute other changes to DNA and mutation, the genome of a cell and histone. The cell and other cells, the genome of the cell structure of the biochemical components is controlled by the cellular biochemical reactions occurring in the biological interactions of the cell. Taken together, it is considered to be characteristic of the cancer, the particular combination of mutations in stem cells ultimately leads (also called cancer stem cells) the cell indicates the number of abnormal and malignant cells characteristic , the number of cancer cells “daughter” of new malignant (mitosis uncontrolled) production increased (exponential or nearly) gradually can including.The, will continue to divide continuously. Ability to give birth and organization structure of the body or nearby, to penetrate the barriers and body surface in normal (local invasion). By inputting (or distant metastasis) through the vascular and / or lymphatic and (regional metastases), the ability to spread elsewhere in the body (metastasis). If you have not stopped by a combination of stimulation of medical intervention and treatment of immune defense, this process continued growth, local invasion, and distant metastasis and region, the final result, continuous load of tumor cells throughout the body by the host It is to suffer increased Na. Death occurs in the end eventually, and interference, the biochemical function of the normal authorities of the host to do more and more tumor burden.

I refers to a small, a localized prostate cancer that do not penetrate the membrane of the epithelium at the boundary of the cancer cells from normal cells (CIS) or term of carcinoma in situ are adjacent to each other still. Rather than invasive cancer in advance, CIS is a pre-malignant human. Until it begins to penetrate and infiltrate through the structure of adjacent / or other basement membrane with them, in the case of almost all of the CIS, we will continue to grow and develop. After the invasion happened, they do not think the CIS lesions longer, but it is invasive cancer really. Before and metastasis frank invasion will develop, it is not possible for you to be removed in the target treatment other areas of some damage surgical resection completely, cryotherapy, or laser ablation,, cure rate CIS 100% I approaches.

In some cases, as it may histological characteristics and cytological appear more normal again assumed system lesions gradually, it is a low-grade tumor. Biologically, this can lead a less often aggressive, to slow tumor growth. In fact, the emergence of local tissue architecture and components of the Local Site CIS may be normalized to a point that does not meet the required consensus requirements to be classified as a cancer longer transformed cells eventually. Therefore, this anomaly is not allowed as a true cancer.
The change of these, decrease the normal area, and I’m with the volume of place or abnormal /. The number that can not be ignored or some cases, the abnormal cells / tissue, may disappear the region obtained including the organization that looks normal only in full. In many cases, the process is referred to by the pathologist as regression and specialist of the CIS lesion. Without connective tissue, associated, which is formed as a result of fibrosis apoptosis and necrosis often effective, involution CIS is gradual transformation of malignant tumor benign localized region of tissue near-normal or normal I bring.

Regression occurs after prolonged exposure to changes in the strength and quality of immunological stimulation and environment most often and / or. In the example a very common, it is a regression of the disease of the CIS some located in the segmental bronchi and the main center of the lung. Invasive lesions of many conventional in the case of squamous cell carcinoma, reduced regression to the following long-term exposure of cells and tissues affected by the stimulation of the initial environmental carcinogen with what you see in abstinence after a long period of time from smoking like this often. A common example of a relatively different, causing regression of cervical CIS lesions, it is end is driven immunologically of human papillomavirus HPV by epithelial cells that have been converted of the cervix.

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Erosive gastritis, gastric mucosa is the erosion prevent damage to the mucosa. Alcohol consumption causes chronic gastritis. On the other hand, erosion of the gastric mucosa, stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid at low doses of alcohol. High dose of alcohol, did not stimulate the secretion of acid. NSAID is a COX-1 or cyclooxygenase -1, the possibility of peptic ulcer increases, I inhibit the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of eicosanoids in the stomach. Also, for example, aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce a substance that protects the stomach called prostaglandins. It is used in a short time these agents are not usually dangerous. However, regular use, can cause gastritis.

The gastritis is a inflammation of the gastric mucosa, there is possible for a number of reasons. And alcohol intake of acute excessive, the main reason long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and aspirin (also known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) of. Gastritis is developing after severe infections major surgery, trauma, or burns, once in a while. Is likely to occur in people who underwent weight loss surgery to be the reconstruction of the digestive tract and also stripe gastritis. Infections caused by bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori, chronic bile reflux, stress in particular, autoimmune disease of some, can cause gastritis as well cause chronic. The most common symptom is pain and upset abdomen. Other symptoms, has indigestion, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and pernicious anemia. Some, you may have a burning sensation or feeling of fullness in the upper abdomen. Test Chair stomach, blood test, or complete blood test, can be used for the diagnosis of gastritis. Antibiotic, contains the medicine and other antacid like spicy food and hot and avoid a proton pump inhibitor such treatment. For those of pernicious anemia, B12 injections are written but, B12 oral supplements are recommended more often.

I refer to a wide range of problems chronic gastritis, gastric tissue. Immune system to make antibodies and proteins fighting infection in the body to maintain a constant state. In some diseases, it is directed to the stomach as in the case of a pathogen or a foreign protein which is able to produce antibodies against damage very strong, to destroy the lining and the stomach further. If it is not functioning properly, or removed during operation, in some cases, it is used to aid in the digestion in the small intestine in general, bile, also enters through the pyloric valve of the stomach it I cause gastritis. Gastritis may be caused HIV / AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, connective tissue specific, depending on other diseases, including renal failure and liver.

Mucus gland metaplasia reversible exchange of differentiated cells occurs in the definition of serious damage to the gastric glands, to be replaced by the mucus glands and gradually waste (atrophic gastritis) away then. may ulcers to develop, it is unclear whether they are the result or cause. Intestinal epithelium mosquito can generally starts in response to chronic mucosal lesions in the cavity and reach the body. It can be changed to resemble the intestinal mucosa, gastric mucosa cells, may assume the absorption properties. Intestinal metaplasia, are classified histologically as complete or incomplete. Functionally and histologically, it was transformed into the small intestine mucosa for their ability to absorb nutrients secretory peptide completely full metaplasia gastric mucosa. In line with the histological appearance of the colon as well as in incomplete metaplasia, in many cases, dysplasia appears.

Over-the-counter antacids, is a common treatment for mild gastritis in the form of a pill or liquid. You can antacids will neutralize the stomach acid, to provide relief of pain fast. Antacids, when not provide sufficient relief drugs as nizatidine and helps reduce the amount of acid cimetidine such, ranitidine, or stomach famotidine produces a prescribed frequently. More effective way to reduce the production of gastric acid, is to shut down the cellular nucleic acid “pumps” of gastric acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid by blocking the action of small pumps thereof. Omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and this class of drugs, includes esomeprazole. Proton pump inhibitors H. pylori appear to suppress H. also. Cytoprotective agents are designed to protect the tissues of the small intestine and stomach line thereof. These include the misoprostol and sucralfate medicine. If used regularly NSAID, it is possible to take one of these agents for the protection of the stomach. Cytoprotective agent of another, is bismuth subsalicylate. I like many people also, to drink milk to relieve the symptoms, worsening of symptoms, higher levels of calcium stimulates the secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells in the end actually. As well as activities of H. pylori appears to be not only protects the lining of the stomach and intestines, bismuth preparations to inhibit the H,. H. pylori Several methods are used for the treatment of H. infection. Most, I use a combination of proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics. Bismuth is added to the system sometimes. Antibiotics AIDS destroying the proton pump inhibitors or blockers acid bacteria and to reduce pain and nausea, and inflammation of the cured, may increase the effectiveness of antibiotics

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In addition, fatty liver, is a reversible state accumulation in liver cells through a process of (ie abnormal retention of lipids within a cell) fat large vacuoles of triglyceride fat also known as fatty liver. There are several reasons, but fatty liver disease can be, and those with alcohol intake excessive, in people who are overweight, is regarded as a disease that occurs worldwide. Conditions associated with other diseases that affect the metabolism of fat. The morphological, it is possible to distinguish alcohol from non-alcoholic FLD is difficult, shows the large droplet fatty change and microvesicles in various stages. The accumulation of fat, it is called steatohepatitis, may be accompanied by inflammation progressive liver (hepatitis). In consideration of the contribution of alcohol, fatty liver disease, will be defined as a serious form of alcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic or fatty liver, from such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis possible.

Cytoplasmic accumulation of triglyceride fatty change is a (neutral fat). Small fat vacuoles around the nucleus (liposomes) (microvesicles fatty change) is present in the beginning of the liver cells. At this stage, the liver cells are filled with lipid droplets multiple non-substituted nuclei located at the center. Characteristic ring shape at the end of the step size as (large droplet fatty change), press the core to the outer periphery of the cell, to increase the vacuole. To dissolve during processing of the tissue, these vesicles are “empty” and optically well-delineated fat. it is possible to combine to large vacuoles generates fat cyst is irreversible damage. Is the most common form, large droplet steatosis, normally associated, alcohol, diabetes, obesity, and a corticosteroid. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and Reye’s syndrome is an example of a serious liver disease caused by microvesicles fatty change. Diagnosis of fatty acids consists fat in the liver exceeds 5 to 10 wt%.

Result of lipid accumulation might be as a result of peripheral resistance to insulin, such as transportation, such as, but are responsible defect of fatty acid metabolism imbalance, or, that Ji Kara raw and combustion energy consumption, the pathogenesis of FLD ,, fatty acids to the liver is increased from adipose tissue. I suspect damage or inhibition of the receptor molecules that control the enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, and to contribute to the accumulation of fat and oxidation. In addition, alcoholism, damaging the cellular structure of the mitochondria and other distortion further cellular energy mechanism is known. On the other hand, soft FLD may be initiated by an excess of non-metabolizable energy in cells of the liver. The root cause, it is considered fatty liver and the nonprogressive some extent reversible when it is reduced or eliminated.

Fatty liver of severe is accompanied by inflammation sometimes, the situation is called steatohepatitis. Advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or (ASH) alcoholic steatohepatitis to (NASH) is dependent on the duration and severity of inciting cause. Pathological lesions of both conditions are similar. However, the degree of inflammatory response varies widely and does not correlate with the degree of fat accumulation times. Successive stages beginning of steatohepatitis (and retention of lipid) fats may represent the progress of the FLD.

Liver disease progresses to a more serious form of the disease that it is a wide range of high-fat and inflammation in many cases. Ballooning varying degrees of hepatocellular necrosis and presents at this stage often. Hepatic cell death, and inflammatory responses, leading to the activation of stellate cells play an important role in liver fibrosis. The degree of fibrosis can vary greatly. In adults, especially, are the most common, perisinusoidal fibrosis, the predominant end 3 peripheral vein liver.  Depending on the degree of steatohepatitis and amount of fat and many other factors, cirrhosis, may be affected by sensitivity. In alcohol FLD, the transition to cirrhosis related to alcohol use continued were well documented, but the process involved in alcohol FLD, is less clear.

Most people are asymptomatic, can be found independently of the liver disease or, stumbled across an abnormal liver function tests because usually. Liver biochemistry and rose are found in 50% of patients with simple fats. Serum alanine transaminase levels are higher in general than the level in the reverse FLD with alcohol and soft form of aspartate transaminase. In many cases, imaging studies are obtained in the evaluation process. In the ultrasonic inspection, to clarify with the echogenicity with increased the “bright” liver. May be useful for the diagnosis of fatty liver Medical Imaging, it appears brighter T1 magnetic resonance imaging in (MRI), fatty liver, has a lower density than spleen or fat computed tomography (CT). However, no medical image can not be distinguished from simple fatty liver advanced NASH. When you evaluate the gravity, histological evidence of liver biopsy is required when it is displayed.

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The liver, an important organ in animals and some other vertebrates are present. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of bio-chemical and necessary for digestion. It can be used in the short term new technologies liver dialysis, a method of compensating required for survival, the lack of long-term liver function, there is currently no liver. It plays an important role in metabolism, glycogen storage, disintegration of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and the body has a number of functions in the body, including detoxification. It is located below the diaphragm in the abdominal-pelvic region of the abdomen. It produces alkaline compound to help digestion by emulsifying bile, the lipid. Many of them, small is necessary for the normal function of life, organization highly specialized liver is to regulate a wide range of mass biochemical reactions such as decomposition and synthesis of complex molecules.

The liver is a reddish brown organ with four leaf shape and unequal size. Human liver, has soft weight and 1.44 to 1.66 kg of normal (3.2 to 3.7 kg), brown tinged with pink, the organ of the triangle. (Skin is the largest organ overall) and the internal organs of the maximum, this is the largest gland in the human body. It just resting on the diaphragm below, I am located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity. Liver is located to overlap gallbladder and right stomach. Is connected to the large vessels of the two, it is called what’s called portal vein and hepatic artery one. Not only the entire intestinal tract, whereas carry blood containing the nutrients absorbed from the pancreas and spleen, hepatic artery carries blood from the aorta to the portal vein. These vessels subdivided into capillaries lead to small leaves then. Each lobule is made up liver cells, which is the main metabolic cages, with several million people. Unit is the functional unit of the liver.

Long-term bile duct was prepared from the woody branches biliary. Is collected in the merge bile canaliculi to form a bile duct bile produced by the liver. In the liver, ducts are called (in the liver) bile duct liver, they are considered to be (outside the liver) liver once, and then exit the liver. The merged to form the hepatic duct common Finally, intrahepatic duct discharging to the left and right hepatic duct. Cystic duct from the gallbladder joins the liver of common duct to form the common bile duct. The duodenum and through stored in gallbladder temporarily through the cystic duct or bile duct or bile duct directly. Pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the second part of the duodenum in the ampoule along the Vater.

when viewed from the top surface, raditional gross anatomy, divided the liver parts of two (left and right), but it is divided into four parts visceral surface has made the tail lobes square there if. A link that curved looks (front side) front of the liver. This separates the anatomical right leaf anatomy and the left liver lobe. If you turned to look at it from the liver (visceral surface) below, there is a partition of two additional between the left and right. Tail lobe and (high) square leaf These are (bottom).

Determine visceral surface functional anatomy, how to organize the liver. Imaginary line that runs the gallbladder split in half and all the way to the inferior vena cava from the left you should see one. This line is called the line-scan her. This line divides the liver to the left and right. (Ligament of Aranshio) venous ligament such as round ligament (ligament teres), anatomical and other characteristics, are still separated on the left side of the liver sections of two more. Now, an important anatomical landmark, horizontal slit of the liver, separates this part of the left segment of the four numbers starting from the tail lobule as well as the anti-clock mode is attached, of the liver. Eight segment will only be seen top view, from this point of view, we can see the 7 segment of the internal organs. It is composed of units of each of the lobes, is then run from binding around the hepatic veins to carry the blood from the liver vein.

Is a result of chronic liver disease characterized leads to loss cirrhosis, liver function, by substitution of (mass occurs as a result of the process for reproducing the damaged tissue) regenerative nodule fibrosis of the liver tissue, and connective tissue. Cirrhosis is caused by fatty liver disease and hepatitis C alcoholism, hepatitis B and most commonly, the cause of many other have been considered. In some cases, it is idiopathic. Ascites (intraperitoneal fluid retention) is the most common complication of cirrhosis and is associated with increased risk of poor long-term outcome poor quality of life, and infection. Life-threatening complications potentially other is (confusion and coma) hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from esophageal varices. Cirrhosis is irreversible in general, treatment is focused on prevention of complications and proceed normally. In advanced stages of cirrhosis, the only option is a liver transplant.

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Thrombus or blood clot, is the final product stage of coagulation hemostasis. This is achieved by aggregation of platelets to form a platelet plug, activates the body fluids coagulation system. Usually, thrombosis is the case of injury, but are cases of thrombosis pathological. Thrombus is attached to the vessel wall mural thrombus. Rather than obstructive, they affect the great vessels such as the aorta and heart. Represents a group of fibrin and red blood cells and white blood cells woven significantly, they appear red gray alternating dark and bright line part.

Specifically, thrombus is inappropriate activation of the hemostatic process of minor injuries or vessel health. Thrombi large blood vessel, reducing blood flow through the vessel. It is not possible in a small blood vessel, to cut off leading to the death of tissue blood flow is supplied by the blood vessels completely. Dislodges, as it is called embolization, thrombus In the event of a suspension. Some of the conditions that increase the risk of developing blood clots, atrial fibrillation, heart valve replacement, are related to the lack of clotting ability of blood and genetic disorders and period, long heart attack, the non-active recently.

I reduce the risk prevention and treatment of blood clots, stroke, heart attack, pulmonary embolism. Is used to inhibit the formation and development of blood clots existing often bind to the former, heparin and warfarin, enzyme inhibition vitamin K epoxide reductase second, while enzyme required for synthesis of clotting factors mature inhibitor, activates anti-thrombin III. Several treatments are prepared from bacteria. Streptokinase is a drug is an enzyme secreted by Streptococcus some bacteria. This drug can be used to dissolve the coronary vascular thrombosis, which is administered intravenously. However, streptokinase is a non-specific, I can can lead to secondary problems of many to take advantage of the protein virtually any. Run faster than the other thrombolytic, and more concretely, the enzyme called (tPA) tissue plasminogen activator. The drug is dissolved plasminogen thrombus converting enzyme plasmin prepared from transgenic bacteria. There is also a anti-coagulant some that comes from animal work by dissolving the fibrin. For example, Haementeria ghilianii produces an enzyme called salivary glands hementin of his reach to Amazon. Since 2012, this enzyme is produced by normal genetically engineered bacteria is administered to the patient in the heart.

In a multicenter randomized trial of recently compared the (CDT) standard catheter-induced thrombolysis in Inc. (USAT, of ekos) ultrasonic acceleration of thrombus for the treatment of acute peripheral arterial occlusive thrombus. The results, on average, patients treated with USAT show that the finished than those processed without an increase in the standard of CDT 12 hours prior “to serious adverse events.” Plan is to start become a non-randomized trial of a system of lower hourly rate ekos dose of the drug with the hope that reduce bleeding complications and further study of DUET II.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) includes a micro-thrombus formation widely in most of the blood vessels. This is fibrinolysis with platelet of all available blood clotting factors body and clotting factors, due to excessive consumption of subsequent activation. The end result, it Is the ischemic necrosis of tissue / organ or bleeding. Sepsis, acute leukemia, shock, snake bites, why is a fat embolism from serious injuries and other fractures. DIC is seen in pregnant women. Further, in order to prevent the formation of thrombus, the treatment involves the use of fresh frozen plasma to restore the level of clotting factors with heparin and platelets. Usually, and aortic aneurysm or injury of atherosclerotic aortic wall, thoracic aortic thrombosis is a rare pathology derived from a potential source of peripheral embolization and visceral brain.

Thrombus, can have one of four results. Recanalization propagation, embolization, dissolution, and organization. Prevalence of thrombus occurs towards the direction of the heart. This means that the retrograde or antegrade vein to the artery. embolism occurs when a blood clot is released from the blood vessel wall, it became mobile phone. (Most likely from deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs), as a result of travel pulmonary embolism, venous emboli reach the right side of the heart and travel through the pulmonary artery to the systemic circulation. While due to atherosclerosis, the artery thrombosis, well, the embolism, you may want to block the artery downstream of thrombus formation or artery, respectively, as a result, even a mobile phone or hypertension,. This can lead to other body stroke, myocardial infarction or unit, is affected.
Dissolution occurs when it is returned to the container fibrinolysis mechanism to break the flow of blood and thrombus. This may be an auxiliary agent (e.g., after occlusion of the coronary artery) by. Best response of fibrinolytic drugs is within a few hours it is fully developed in fibrin network of blood clots before.

Recanalization and organization includes the internal growth of endothelium in thrombosis rich fibrin smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. If you proceed recanalization, it provides the capillary channel and thrombus large for the continuity of blood flow through the thrombus overall, but there are times when it does not recover enough blood flow to the needs of the tissue metabolism of downstream .

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It is a specialized agency of the immune system in the thymus. In the adaptive immune system in athymic “education” T lymphocytes are important cells (T cells).
Each T cells to attack foreign material identification and its receptor. T cells have a receptor produced by shuffling the gene segments randomly. Each T cells, attack the different antigens. T cells that attack the protein of the body’s own is removed in the thymus. Thymic epithelial cells express large proteins from other parts of the body. T cells undergo “positive selection” is arranged that in contact to buried MHC expressed by thymic epithelial cells and does not affect the first cage. Secondly, (to prevent autoimmune diseases), T cells, those with intermediate affinity eliminated by apoptosis “negative selection” reacts with thymic dendritic cells by T cell interaction with high-affinity I receive the difference survive.

In the thymus, is composed of the same sheet of two, is located in the anterior superior mediastinum anatomically in front of the center of the chest and heart.
Histologically, the thymus is surrounded by capsule and outside the center, and can be divided in the brain cortex, the area. Medulla and cortex play a different role in the development of T cells. Thymocytes could be (obtained from local bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells) cells of hematopoietic origin and thymic stromal cells is divided. The development of T cells in the thymus, this is the hematopoietic origin. Stromal cells, including dendritic cells, thymic cortical epithelial cells, and medullary thymic epithelial cells.

It provides a T lymphocyte induction environment from hematopoietic stem cells in the thymus. In addition, thymic stromal cells makes it possible to select functional, self-tolerance of T-cell repertoire. Therefore, one of the most important role of the thymus is the induction of central tolerance. Thymus is the most active and largest during the period of pre-adolescence and newborn. At the beginning of puberty, the thymus starts the thymus atrophy, connective tissue, has been replaced by the (fat) tissue fat. However, residual T limfopoyezisno continues through adulthood.

The Galen, be noted that the size of the organ has changed over the period of human life was the first time. Since the number of apoptotic lymphocytes, the more thymus dismissed as “lymphocyte graveyard”, without functional significance initially. Similar to the old mice three days by surgical removal of the thymus, the importance of the thymus in the immune system, 1961 by Jack Miller than the deficit of the latest of lymphocyte population of T cells after the organ of origin of the subsequent I was discovered in years. In recent years, advances in immunology have allowed it is possible to understand more fully the function of the thymus in the maturation of T cells.

Two main components of thymic epithelial cells thymus, and lymph thymus cells, have the origin of the various development. Is the first to develop the thymic epithelium, two flask form mesoderm diverticula that occur on either side of the third branchial pouch (pharyngeal pouch), is displayed in the form of 1, the back and lateralward the neural tube and mesoderm surrounding The derived mesenchymal before expansion of the abdominal aorta.

Epithelial thymocytes and meets the connective tissue, I participate here. Pharyngeal opening of the duodenum are removed immediately, but the neck of the flask, and lasted for some time as a portable cable. The spread of cells, separated surrounded invade the mesoderm, bud cells are formed on the surface of the flask further. Additional piece of thymus tissue has been developed from time to time fourth gill bag. In the later stages of thymic epithelium, hematopoietic precursors of bone marrow, migrate to the thymus. Development of normal thymus is dependent on the interaction of hematopoietic thymocytes and thymic epithelium between then.

After continuing to grow during puberty the thymus, birth and led by high levels of circulating hormones, thymus begins to atrophy. Is proportional to the thymus size, activity of the thymus gland is the most active of (T-cell output) before puberty. When atrophy, body, replaced with (a phenomenon called “regression organ”) primarily fat and activities If the size has decreased dramatically. The atrophy due to circulating levels of chemical castration or physical adult thymus result of increased activity and size and sex hormones increased. That (70%) has a malignant tumor or thymic hyperplasia case patients, myasthenia gravis, many of autoimmune disease has been found. Order or reason for this situation has not been determined.

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Rather than uterine smooth muscle cells of, is composed mainly for interstitial and to support the vascular tissue, myometrium is the middle layer of the wall of the uterus. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions. Myometrium outer ring of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the inner circular fiber muscle fibers intermediate crossover, which is nestled between perimetric and adhesive and, (lining of the uterus) endometrium: myometrium I have three layers in. Nextel fibers act to prevent the loss of blood at the time of regression of crisscross live ligature uterus.

Third of the inside of the (called sub-layer nodes or endometrium) myometrium, as derived from the myometrium outside, of the ruling class and channel Muller tube derived from non-Muller tube organization appear visible, it is the contraction of a large organization during childbirth. And abortion. It also appears to function as an anti-peristaltic activities motility that may muscularis circular node layer corresponds to the muscular layers of the intestine. Smooth muscle of the myometrium, very similar to the molecular structure of the smooth muscle in other parts of the body and the actin and myosin, basically as a predominant protein expression. In uterine smooth muscle myosin – which is about six times that of actin. The use of changes in the direction of the uterine contractions observed during the menstrual cycle is assumed to change in the expression of uterine smooth muscle myosin.

That it is between -35 and -80 mV was recorded resting membrane potential of uterine smooth muscle on (Vrest). As resting membrane potential of the other cell types, rather than a high concentration of sodium Mainly cells is supported by the high concentration of K ions and Na / K pump, causing the ions in the extracellular environment as compared to the intracellular space the space inside the cell than outside space. Because of the negative potential, leading to an outflow of positive ions of the entire K-channel open after big degree from Na channels followed.

In response to rhythmic vibration called slow wave, the potential of the remaining data have been adjusted to reflect the intrinsic activity of the slow wave potential. Affect the permeability of the cell membrane of each of these ions thus Na, K, intracellular and slow waves thereof caused by a change in the distribution of Ca 2 chlorine ions between extracellular. Reflected ion flux changes in K different channels, K is a major cause of ions such changes.

By making the myometrium (growing in smooth muscle cells, the number) in order to enable more cooperatively, and concealment of pregnancy by positive feedback effect to “reflection Ferguson” Pregnant The process of expansion labor). Birth of myometrium more ejects the placenta, later in order to reduce the loss of blood where the intersecting fibers of the core layer compression of blood vessels. Thus, the benefits of positive for the initiation of feeding, in order to reduce blood loss and facilitate rapid return to muscles and abdominal uterus before pregnancy, there is a natural stimulation of the reflecting .

Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle. Is divided into multi-unit smooth muscle (single) and 1 unit, in two subgroups it. In the smooth muscle of the single, the autonomic nervous system, and innervation a packet or cell of a worksheet, action potential, as polynuclear entire mass (ie reticulum of cells that have been propagated through the gap junctions of adjacent cells is not divided into cells which sheet bundles or more). Dominates the individual cells, such as multi-unit smooth muscle, they will allow for the gradual response employing unit of skeletal muscle and precise control.
And is disposed between mantle layer large medium (aortic) smooth muscle, blood vessels (such as smooth muscle specific called vascular smooth muscle) and, in the walls small arteries, veins and arterioles. Body and iris smooth muscle, which is located in (known as smooth muscle of the uterus) lymphatic vessels, bladder, uterus, genitals of men and women, digestive tract, respiratory tract, piloerection, skin, hair-like. Structure and function are basically the same as in the smooth muscle cells in various organs, but induced stimulation vary considerably to meet the individual responses in the body of the individual times. In addition, the glomeruli of the kidney, including the smooth muscle cell-like, called mesangial cells.

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Vas deferens is part of the male anatomy of many vertebrates, transport sperm from the epididymis in anticipation of ejaculation. There are two lines connecting the left and right epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts to move sperm. Each tube is (surrounded by smooth muscle) and muscle (human) to about 30 cm. The epithelium stereotsilii is lined. They are part of the spermatic cord. The ejaculation, smooth muscle, promote the sperm forward by it instinctively the wall of code contract. This is known as peristalsis. Seminal vesicles of sperm account for the majority urethra, the sperm from the vas deferens, was transferred to a collection of fluid from the gonads of male urethra by the prostate gland and spheres.

Further, steps deferentectomy known as vasectomy may be reversed in some instances, but it is a method of contraception continuously vas deferens was disconnected. Further, variants of recent known as vasectomy, without cutting the alarm system, but it includes injecting the arterial duct obstruction material to block the flow of sperm. Under the guidance, clinical trial test of male contraception have focused on VAS using the device of reversible inhibition of sperm and SAC. Will be drawn from the (artery of vas deferens) artery accompanying the vas deferens. Usually (and sometimes poor) this artery arises from urine branch artery, the internal iliac artery high.

In most vertebrates, I have some form of transfer tube of sperm to the urethra from the testes. Cartilaginous fish, the amphibians, is done by archinephric shaft that helps some of the sperm is to transport urine from the kidneys. In teleost fish, is a sperm important channel separation from ureter, it is in many cases, to that of a human homologous, it is called the vas deferens really not probably. In cartilaginous fish, and is wound to form the epididymis by archinephric channel closest to the testis. Less than or equal to the number of this small gland secretion component of semen. Receive the channel by the kidneys in most species and the end of the channel. But archinephric channel, has become a real spirit of Vas, amniotic membrane, used only for urine never sperm. As cartilaginous fish, the top of the channel to form the upper body. In many species, the code ends with a small bag for storing sperm. In vertebrates only, into a body cavity, vas deferens similar to the structure of which was the release sperm is primitive jawless fish in the surrounding water then directly from the hole and simple wall of the body.

Type head epididymis, the progress in the housing, sperm formed in the testis reaches the area cauda they are stored at the end. Head sperm entering the epididymis are incomplete – they will not be able to fertilize the egg and (exercise) to swim forward. It will save sperm for 2-3 months. During the transportation epididymis, need to get these functions sperm undergo a maturation process. The final maturity is completed the female reproductive tract in the (function). To ejaculation from (which acts as a storage tank) the bottom of the epididymis, sperm flowing. You can not they swim these, and has not been activated by the product of the prostate, carried by the peristaltic movement of the muscle layer of the vas deferens from the accessory gland and other seminal vesicles, to ejaculation before, and discharge of fluid mixing. Epithelial cells of the epididymis cusp with an optical microscope, they are called stereotsilii be displayed on the cilia is large, owns the many modifications. In the electron microscope, which is similar to the microvilli structurally and functionally that we have shown them, however, please refer to them as now stereovilli some.

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The colon is the last part of the digestive system of vertebrates most. If you want to until it is eliminated from the body, to absorb water and salt from solid waste, they will occur where it is using the fermentation of unused material (mainly bacteria) plant. In contrast to the small intestine, colon, does not play an important role in the absorption of nutrients and food. However, large intestine does not absorb some fat-soluble vitamins water, and sodium. (Proximal colon refers to the transverse colon and ascending colon in general) S-shaped colon ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon: In mammals, the colon, has four sections. Anal canal colon, rectum and the cecum, colon before.
And behind it in the retroperitoneum or (intraperitoneal) and the location of the abdominal portion of the large intestine. They are to be secured to the village in general, retroperitoneal organ does not have full coverage of the peritoneum. Surrounded by the peritoneum completely organs in the abdominal cavity, and is therefore mobile. Rectal colon, ascending colon, and descending colon are intraperitoneal S-shaped colon cecum, appendix, and transverse colon, @ peritoneum. Because it affects the organs that can operations such as laparotomy such easy access to the inside, which is important. the colon of haustra colon, there is a small bag that is caused by vesicle formation give the appearance that segmented the. F. tapeworm runs the length of the colon. E. tapeworm because it is shorter than the small intestine, colon Nari has a tapeworm haustra formation between vesicles.

Arterial supply of the large intestine comes from the low branch mesenteric artery (IMA) superior mesenteric artery and (SMA). Flow between the two systems communicate via the “arterial limit” is parallel to the large intestine for its entire length. Able Historically, it is a variable vessel connecting the proximal SMA meandering mesenteric artery (of Witz), the proximal IMA arc or if Riolan that blocked the other hand, is that it is very important . However are considered, a recent study made in imaging technologies are improved, it has questioned the existence of the ship, some experts, for the removal of conditions from the medical literature future I’m called on. Affects the mesenteric vein over to connect the spleen to form veins lower hepatic portal vein poured into splenic vein usually arteries large and mesenteric veins, after venous drainage, liver it I go into. Lymphatic drainage of two thirds proximal rectum and the entire colon is, then the flow of para-aortic lymph nodes, the tank chyli. Rectum and anus of the other lymph is, you can either follow the same route, and to drain the superficial inguinal lymph nodes and internal iliac. Only rough, comb line marks this transition.

It is part of the four parts of the large intestine of the ascending colon. This first part of the colon a portion of the intestine such called the cecum, associated with the small intestine. Pass eight inches to about through the abdomen to transverse colon from the ascending colon. The primary function of one of the colon, is that to remove the other essential nutrients and water from the waste to be recycled back into the body. Said output of waste in the small intestine in the cecum, and then are migrated to the ascending colon, the recovery process will begin. Waste, is moved to the cross section of the large intestine by a process known as peristalsis.

It is from colon (large intestine from the end of the spleen) transverse colon, liver, spleen bending deflection. The connection will hang it by the broad band of tissue called the omentum transverse colon, stomach. And is attached to the rear portion of the mesentery of the abdominal wall is known as the transverse ligament on the rear side of the transverse colon. Coated in the peritoneum, therefore it, (not part of the colon just before and after) the transverse colon are mobile phones. To form the stool more generally, cancer forms, called (water removed) and colonic content becomes stronger. Two thirds close to the transverse colon, the third of the latter, is flooded downtown artery colic branch of the SMA while it is supplied by a branch of the IMA. “Turning point” between the blood supply of these two, is an area sensitive to ischemia represents the embryologic division between the hindgut and midgut.

there is a difference in the large intestine of organisms between different. The colon, it is possible to maintain the water balance, providing a space for the plants to absorb some vitamins such as vitamin C, using the fermentation, is responsible mainly for storage of wastewater reclamation. 90% of the water has reached the nutrients chyme, most at the time of this tube is absorbed by the body. At this stage, for example, sodium, magnesium, chloride and as part of the electrolyte (e.g. indigestible portion, amylose starch that is protected from the dietary fiber is significantly digestible carbohydrate digestion and the large left and eating food insoluble or soluble form or part). When the colon through chyme movement, most of the water remaining is removed, mixed with (known as intestinal flora) and slime bacteria porridge, it is converted to feces. Ascending colon preparation of fecal material in the form of a liquid. Then, move the muscles of the colon, forward aqueous waste, to absorb the excess water all gradually. Feces was solidified slowly to move along the descending colon them. In order to decompose a portion of the fibers to feed its own, and supplies in turn, as waste that is used in the lining cells of the colon, the bacteria will create propionic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid. No protein is not provided. In humans, in other animals, including primates and other monkeys with columns 10% larger undigested carbohydrates in proportion thereby probably become available, it is provided that allows a large part of the plant material in the manner more diet that is. Is an example of symbiosis, offers one day about a hundred calories for the body this [citation needed]. The colon and does not produce digestive enzymes – chemical digestion is completed in the small intestine before the chyme reaches the large intestine. PH in the colon varies between 7 and 5.5 (neutral weakly acidic).