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In human anatomy, generate smooth muscle, ureter is a tube made of urine from the kidney to the bladder. In adults, long (10-12) 25-30 cm usually, ureter 3-4 millimeters – diameter. The histological, further smooth muscle layer of support peristalsis third and remote transitional epithelium is included in the ureter. In humans, before you descend to the bladder in front of the psoas major muscle, ureter, coming out of the renal pelvis inner side of each kidney. Ureter, across the edge of the pelvis near the junction (they are passing priority) and the iliac artery. This is a common place for the congestion (the rest of the ureter bladder transitional valve meets the pelvouteric junction and bladder meet the ureter renal pelvis, the renal hilum to ureter) of kidney stones.

Run to the wall of the bladder for a few centimeters, the junction of the ureter and bladder, ureter executes the side wall of posteroinferiorly pelvic curve anteriormedially then to enter the bladder in the back,. Return of urine is prevented by valves known as the ureter bladder transitional valve. I receive the uterine artery and mesometrium through the bladder ureter in women. “Water under the (vas deferens or uterine artery) bridge (ureter) the phrase” effective to remember this anatomical relationship is. different channels play the same role in fish and amphibians, but the ureter was found in species of amniote all other. You can move from the kidney, and kidney stones, is introduced into the urethra, this has the potential to cut off the flow of urine, causing the lower abdomen severe cramps, or back side,. It is blocked you can develop a hydronephrosis of the kidneys, kidney affected, has become swollen due to the flow of urine.
Usually, hysterectomy is a surgical removal of the uterus performed by the gynecologist. (Called removal of the uterus body, and, “supracervical” also, leaving the cervix intact), hysterectomy (removal of the body, cervical and bottom, often referred to as “full”) general or it may be partially. This is the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of surgery most commonly performed. 90% is made under the condition of benign hysterectomy more than 600,000, were performed in the U.S. alone in 2003. These rates are the highest in developed countries has led to considerable controversy hysterectomy is unfair, that has been carried out mainly because of the unnecessary. If you become a can not (as in the removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) patients bear a child, is not available treatment options other you have the long-term effects and risks of surgery, removal of the uterus, the surgery is typically recommended. In many cases, there is a better option, it is, that the incidence of hysterectomy is reduced for non-malignant indications are to be expected.

In many cases, (removal of the ovaries) ovariectomy, is achieved using a hysterectomy in order to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. However, recent studies that prophylactic oophorectomy without emergency medical instructions to reduce the long-term survival of women have severe side effects, substantially free of the other has been shown [4], this effect It is not intended to be limited to premenopausal women. However, women who have already entered have demonstrated that it reduced the long-term survival in ovariectomized after menopause.

Hysterectomy may be performed in various ways. Technology known the oldest, is the incision in the abdomen. Then, technology laparoscopic vaginal later (do a hysterectomy to vaginal canal) vagina (instrument inserted through a small opening near the navel often, additional) have been developed. This is done by (not to be confused abdominal incision, and laparoscopy) abdominal hysterectomy most in the United States. Usually, near the upper limit of the hair in the lower pelvis pubic individual like incisions made for cesarean but as possible, (Pfannenstiel) incision is carried through on the stomach wall side.

It enables greater access to doctor reproductive structures, this technology was carried out in order to remove the whole reproductive complex usually. Because of the need to cut through the abdominal wall by sometimes more, recovery time for a hysterectomy the open, is 4-6 weeks. Historically, the biggest problem with this approach was infections, infection rate, has become a major problem in modern medical practice of which is not well controlled. Open hysterectomy provides the most effective way for you to explore the abdominal cavity, to perform complex operations. Before analyzing the laparoscopic vaginal techniques vaginal and it also, in most cases, vaginal technique is the only possibility to achieve desired contrast subtotal hysterectomy.

With the development of laparoscopic technology of 1970-1980 period compared to the procedures of the abdomen, surgery and minimally invasive has gained great popularity among gynecologists “laparoscopic vaginal hysterectomy” is (LAVH) after recovery is much faster. In addition, it allows a slightly more complex operation and inspection good procedure of the vagina. LAVH is finished begin with laparoscopy, (with or without removal of the ovaries) as is done through the vaginal canal removal of the ultimate of the uterus. Thus, LAVH a total hysterectomy, you may need to be removed in the uterus neck. “Laparoscopic hysterectomy with the supracervical” (Rush) of the cervix using a divider that can affect the uterus into small pieces that can be removed from the abdominal cavity through the post-laparoscopic port without having to remove and has been developed for the removal of the uterus.