Uterine cervix small cell carcinoma

Product name Uterine cervix carcinoma
Cat. No. 8380410A
No. of samples 1
Description uterine cervix carcinoma
Age/Sex : 54/F
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Uterine cervix small cell carcinoma

Product Related Literature

It is possible sometimes, for example, occur in other parts of the body such as the neck is small cell carcinoma (also known as a “cancer cell oats” or “small-cell lung cancer”), it is often most highly malignant uterine cancer is a type of cancer that occur in the lung, prostate, and gastrointesinal tract. If it is associated with the lung is called due to the cytoplasm and scarce flat cells sometimes as “oat cell carcinoma”.
I This is believed to be derived from neuroendocrine cells in Feyrter cells called bronchi. Therefore, they express the neuroendocrine marker variety, it can lead to ectopic production of hormones such as ACTH, potential and ADH lead to Cushing’s syndrome and paraneoplastic syndromes such. About half of all people diagnosed with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, which has a small cell lung cancer probably be found.

Metastatic non-small cell cancer (and therefore arranged in a different way) is widely quick and most often small cell carcinoma of the lung. There is involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes and usually hilar. The SCLC, may occur in a wide variety of combinations of histologic variants of other lung tissue containing complex malignant impurities very. If it is found in the form of a separate one or more adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and lung such as to diagnose malignant tumors, and was then classified in a mixed small cell lung cancer. Of SCLC, C non-small cell lung cancer, a subtype that is currently recognized.

Synthesis SCLC is the current position, and are treated in the same manner as “clean” small-cell lung cancer, but recent studies have shown, the operation is able to improve performance in the early stages of this type of tumor . Smoking is a major etiologic agent. Are as lung cancer and other symptoms. In addition, by the cell neuroendocrine origin of them, small cell carcinoma, and release substances that cause paraneoplastic syndromes such as Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome such often.

The main venue of small cell carcinoma, it is not a very rare outside of the pleural cavity and lung, it is called (EPSCC) small cell lung cancer. Outside of the respiratory tract, small cell carcinoma, can occur in the bladder cervix, prostate, liver, pancreas, or gastrointestinal tract,. Thought to consider a new case 1,000 per year in the United States that is histologically similar small cell lung cancer, the treatment of small cell lung cancer, it is used to treat EPSCC typically. Line initial therapy in general with etoposide and cisplatin. In Japan, the first-line treatment, transition to cisplatin and irinotecan. Main spot of the skin when a Merkel cell carcinoma more.

Small cell lung cancer is divided into two phases comprising stage a limited clinical pathological long and rich stage . Tumors is shown only from the chest generally by step, whether or not it is that can be incorporated into the portal radiotherapy single total weight of the breast tumors practice is determined by the presence or absence of metastases.  Generally, it is said that the LS case to be limited to the lymph nodes near the lung and lung tumors one. If you have cancer spread beyond it, the ES is said.
In the case (in many cases, including paclitaxel cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, vincristine and / or) of LS-SCLC, combination therapy, I was administered together (RT) and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy.

Improving the survival rate of LS-SCLC has been shown to chest RT. Between 75% of people indicating the (CR) “complete remission” and 45% initial objective response rate very high between the observed using the LS-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy 90% from 60% ( It is defined as the disappearance of radiological evidence of clinical and all RR), of a tumor. Unfortunately, recurrence is the rule, the median survival is 24 months from 18 months. Under most circumstances, has spread widely in the natural history of the tumor at a very early stage, to respond dramatically in almost all cases, SCLC is or RT / CT, the role of little for surgery in 1970 this disease It is from the year. However [18], when it is used before chemotherapy, in the case of (“very limited”) small asymptomatic, node-negative SCLC-san, recent studies, a surgical resection This suggests that to improve survival. (“Adjuvant”).

The ES-SCLC, the combination chemotherapy, the standard treatment of radiation therapy, if temporary, shortness of breath, such as have faster than normal, and pain caused by bone metastases and liver, SCLC is for the treatment of brain metastases responses to whole brain radiation therapy were added only to alleviate symptoms such as. Combination therapy is composed of cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and carboplatin and, from a variety of agents. 30% of patients had a complete response to combination chemotherapy and 15%, response rate is also high for a wide range of disease among the majority of response objective of at least some. However, in many cases, the response of ES-SCLC short time. If it occurs in the target having a small cell lung cancer complete response to chemotherapy, (PCI), is used to prevent the development of brain metastases often prophylactic cranial irradiation after. This treatment is very effective, but it can cause fatigue and hair loss. Adverse effect was not observed at all in the prospective randomized trial with 2 year follow-up neurocognitive almost. A meta-analysis of the PCI confirmation randomized trial, it provides a significant advantage for survival. Finally, small cells are very sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, platinum-containing agents, in particular, basic circuit. However, most people with median survival and disease relapse remains low.

Uterus granulocytic sarcoma

Product name Uterus granulocytic sarcoma
Cat. No. 8299303A
No. of samples 1
Description uterus, granulocytic sarcoma
Age/Sex : 47/F
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Uterus granulocytic sarcoma

Product Related Literature

Sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. Thus, the hematopoietic tissue malignancies made of bone cancer, cartilage, fat, muscle, or vasculature, by definition considered sarcoma. This is in contrast to malignant tumors derived from epithelial cells called cancer. Human sarcoma is very rare. For example, common malignancy breast cancer, such as lung and colon cancer are the most cases. , In addition to names based on the tissue origin, grade (low, medium, high) sarcoma receive based on the frequency and the presence or absence of intracellular functions and specific cells associated with the biological behavior of malignant. It is used chemotherapy or radiotherapy at times, but typically, low-grade sarcoma were treated surgically. The combination of surgery, medium and high-grade sarcoma, has been treated with radiation therapy and / or chemotherapy often.

Possibility that the higher-grade tumor is subjected to (spread of local and distant sites and aggression) metastasis as high, they are treated more aggressively. Recognition sarcoma many that are sensitive to chemotherapy can significantly improve the survival rate of patients. For example, in the days before the chemotherapy, long-term survival in patients with osteosarcoma is only about 20% locally, but it has risen to 60-70% currently. Surgery is important in the treatment of sarcoma most. Unlike ablation, it is possible to preserve limb following surgery, is used to maintain the patient at the end of at least 90% of the tumors of the extremities. Adjunctive therapy comprising chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be administered and / or after pre-operative. Chemotherapy significantly, I have improved the prognosis of patients with many of them sarcoma, and osteosarcoma in particular. To be a long and difficult process will take about one year for many patients treatment. The sarcoma, new cases of 15,000 years is very rare in the United States. Thus, sarcoma, which represents about 1% of the new cancers diagnosed each year 1.5 million in Japan.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common form of sarcoma 3.000 per year from 3.500 in the United States. Sarcoma affect people of all ages. 20% of soft tissue sarcoma and about 50% of osteosarcoma was diagnosed in individuals under the age of 35. The sarcoma of some gastrointestinal stromal tumor leiomyosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma, such as (GIST),, an adult are more common than children. Of stuff, chloroma and children as described by physician A. Burns of the United Kingdom in 1811 for the first, osteosarcoma of the highest quality, including osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma is a young adults.The state currently known long-term chloroma is a much more common can not be seen until 1853. These tumors as having shades of green of myeloperoxidase often, this name is derived from the Greek chloros (green).

The relationship chloroma, with acute leukemia, was discovered in 1902 by Warthin and dock first. However, it is possible to 30% of these tumors is not a green, and a brown thing white or gray, it is proposed by Rappaport in 1967, since then, the more correct term granulocytic sarcoma, become almost synonymous with the long-term chloroma have. There is a possibility that in rare cases, does not occur as the only symptom of recurrence after treatment was apparently successful green tumor, acute myeloid leukemia. According to the general operation of chloromas, rather than early predictor of systemic recurrence, such events should be considered as a local process. A review of 24 patients who developed chloromas isolated after the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, the average interval between the recurrence of bone marrow, (range, 19 months from 1) was 7 months.

Chloromas, and can occur in organs and tissues of almost all. The most common areas of involvement is gums skin (also known as leukemia cutis) and. Involvement of the skin appears purple are arranged on biopsy to infiltrate the normal marrow blasts, adults, as an assembly tenderness or plate. The leukemia dermis, please note that this is different be permeated by neutrophils skin mature in paraneoplastic process, and Sweet syndrome. Participation gum (gingival hypertrophy) swollen bleeding easily brushing minor injuries and other teeth, leading to gum sometimes painful.

In other organizations may be involved, including the site of the dura mater of the eye orbit lymph node, small intestine, mediastinum, lung, uterine, and ovarian cancer. Linked to its anatomical location symptoms chloroma these sites,; chloromas could be asymptomatic, was accidentally discovered during the evaluation of persons with acute myeloid leukemia. Penetration of intrathecal of leukemic cells or form the most common CNS and meningeal leukemia as described above. Usually, because they require different treatment, this condition is treated separately from the chloroma it. (Ie solid tumors, leukemia) is, Chloromas true in the central nervous system are very rare, but it is described.

Uterus leiomyoma

Product name Uterus leiomyoma
Cat. No. 8288900A
No. of samples 1
Description uterus, leiomyoma
Age/Sex : 53/F
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Uterus leiomyoma

Product Related Literature

Leiomyoma smooth muscle is a benign tumor is very rare before cancer (0.1%). Can occur in all organs, but they, the most general form, can be generated uterus, small intestine, the esophagus. Uterine fibroids, uterine fibroids is the smooth muscle of the uterus. The fibroids are benign, but you can sometimes (menorrhagia) is generated vaginal bleeding excessive, can lead to anemia often, leading to infertility. Benign tumor consisting of a mixture of smooth muscle cells and fat cells – lipoleiomyoma is a rare form of these tumors of the uterus. The uterus lipoleiomyomata, you may want to observe in other pathologies and ovaries, to develop in liposarcoma part. These tumors are monoclonal antibodies, non-random chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 40% of tumors. This is less than 1% of tumors of the esophagus, but they are benign tumors most common of the esophagus. The remainder consisting essentially of cancer. The majority of benign tumor of the esophagus is not detected and clinically silent, but the tumor, which is strategically located in major, or may become symptomatic. Mesenchymal tumors of the gallbladder are rare, a fault in the immune system rarely leiomyoma specific gallbladder, has been reported all of these patients. Recently case has been reported in the absence of immune dysfunction associated. Fibroids, benign tumors of the small intestine mainly. About 50% of cases are found in the jejunum, ileum, and 31% of cases. Nearly half of all lesions was less than 5cm.

Is a (tumor benign (non-cancerous) smooth muscle tissue) leiomyoma derived from uterine fibroids, uterine smooth muscle layer (myometrium). There are several often, they are arranged in random, uterine fibroids, collect the decision of the case diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis have been a lot of cash. You can not receive (0.5 percent from 0.1), malignant degeneration in leiomyosarcoma rarely has malignant form of uterine fibroids and fibroids. Furthermore, is, rare forms of fibroids can lesions to non-metastatic malignant transformation therein, this process is called metastatic leiomyoma, and benign. Uterine fibroids, fibroids, fibromyoma, the generic name of the other is fibroleiomyoma. Uterine fibroids are benign tumors most common in women, I am located after reproductive age and middle usually. Most fibroids are asymptomatic, but they grow and can cause painful menstruation and heavy, frequent urination and sexual intercourse painful. It is believed that this is a very rare, but some fibroids, may interfere with the pregnancy. In the U.S., symptoms caused by uterine fibroids is an indicator very common for hysterectomy.

Uterine fibroids, especially when small, may completely asymptomatic. Symptoms depend on the site of the lesion and its size. Abnormal gynecological bleeding, period painful, bowel movements with bloating and discomfort, abdominal pain, back pain, retention or urinary frequency, and in some cases, significant symptoms, including infertility or heavy. Depending on the location of the fibroids, there may be pain during intercourse. It is possible during pregnancy, can cause impact on the position of the fetus they also, miscarriage, bleeding, and premature birth. Fibroids are common, accounting for about 3% of the reasons why women can have children, they are not a common cause of infertility. Typically, in this case, is located in submucosal fibroids position, it can be considered a function of the mucosa, but also can affect the ability of the embryos injected this point. You may also larger fibroids distort or block the fallopian tube.

Leiomyoma is shown (but not encapsulated), the appearance of the spiral of tissue sections and on the nodule, the solid is a tan or white with a limited and, looks like a rough circle. Size ranges from microscopic lesions of considerable size. Typically, the size of the lesion grapefruit more than is reflected by the patient through the abdominal wall. Microscopically, I am like a bundle of form normal cells (whorl) in which the different tumor cells (elongated, spindle-shaped nucleus, cigar-shaped) and. These cells, and scarce mitosis, size and shape are the same. There are three types of: mitosis and cell active, benign (atypical) strange. Appearance of prominent nucleoli with a perinucleolar halo must alert the pathologist to examine the possibility of renal cell cancer syndrome and hereditary leiomyomatosis very rare.

The origin of uterine fibroids located in other parts of the body, parasitic fibroids called extremely rare already at times, but has been diagnosed with increasing frequency now. They may be the same as metastatic leiomyosarcoma or Relevance. Still, in most cases, they are dependent on hormones, but they when they occur in distant organs, can cause life-threatening complications it. The source of some, I have shown that a significant proportion of cases, might be late complication of operations such as hysterectomy and myomectomy. Used, myomectomy laparoscopic divider is associated with a significant increase in the risk of this complication, especially.

Uterus endometrial adenocarcinoma

Product name Uterus endometrial adenocarcinoma
Cat. No. 8281403A
No. of samples 1
Description uterus, endometrial adenocarcinoma
Age/Sex : 34/F
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Uterus endometrial adenocarcinoma

Product Related Literature

Endometrial cancer affects the various types of malignant tumors result from the mucous membrane of the uterus or endometrium. Women and more than 35,000 have been diagnosed each year, endometrial cancer is the gynecological cancer most common in the United States. Frequency has increased the secondary epidemic of obesity gradually. Are related occurrence obesity in the determination of endometrial hyperplasia can occur within decades of normal menopause, the more estrogen and excessive exposure, sub-the most common type, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, from the vagina It is located in the most frequently bleeding. Endometrial cancer is the third most common cause of (behind the cervical cancer and ovarian) gynecological cancer death. Hysterectomy total abdominal and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, is the most common treatment. Endometrial cancer, may be referred to as uterine cancer sometimes. However, other cancers may be not only from the endometrium within comprises myometrium cervical cancer, sarcoma, and trophoblastic disease, is formed as well as other tissues of the uterus.

Endometrial cancer most, indicates that you are from a single layer of epithelial cells, in the form of endometrial glands and line the endometrium, cancer they are (usually adenocarcinoma). And inner membrane common type growing in a pattern reminiscent of normal endometrium, cancer cells endometrial cancer, including clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium and aggressive papillary serous cancer much There is a sub-type of microscope many. Endometrial cancer were classified into two categories based on the pathogenesis and clinical features. In many cases, thickening of the (endometrial hyperplasia) lining of the uterus excessive, and post-menopausal women and the surrounding before they occur most often, the type of first in, the exposure to high levels of estrogen with a history of, these inputs are not neutralized by (unopposed estrogen exposure) progesterone endometrial cancer I am more often in the Caucasian population. When you enter the endometrial cancer, is a minimally invasive uterine wall basic things of poor quality. Many (myometrium) is the inner membrane type, I carry a good prognosis.

The second type, endometrial cancer of type II, is the most common in the elderly, in postmenopausal women, those of African-American people are common, and is associated with the exposure of the increase in estrogen does not have. And invasion, clear type or serous uterine cancer, in many cases, is a high-grade endometrial cancer of Type II, with a poor prognosis deep into the uterine wall underlying the (myometrium) have.
FIGO classification of endometrial cancer. The histopathological examination of endometrial cancer, it is very diverse. Observation most common are peeling adenocarcinoma, endometrioid, and mitotic activity, is composed of many small, in active glands at different levels of well-differentiated nuclear atypia. In many cases, this is done in the background of endometrial hyperplasia. Frank adenocarcinoma may be distinguished from atypical hyperplasia represents a non-destructive replacement of endometrial stromal or cancer findings, the clear interstitial infiltration by the “back-to-back” glands. As the disease progresses, instilling in the myometrium. However, subtypes of endometrial cancer other, and there is an unfavorable diagnosis, such as clear cell carcinoma and serous papillary carcinoma of the uterus.

This is a low yield, cancer patients newly diagnosed endometrium is not performed, the images such as CT scan, such as to assess the extent of the disease. Including liver function tests, physical examination and complete medical history, rectal examination and stool guaiac test and pelvic examination, chest X-ray, complete blood count and preoperative evaluation should include a blood chemistry test. Stool is recommended colonoscopy if you have symptoms etiology factors positive woman or guaiacol is common to colon cancer and endometrial cancer. It is possible to predict an advanced stage, sometimes tumor marker CA-125 is checked. In addition, D & C, and Pipelle search curettage give a positive predictive value to 70 65%. However, the most important of these is the uterus, which gives 90-95% positive predictive value.

The main treatment is surgery. Surgical treatment, there exploration ascites, the abdomen, the lymph node suspicious biopsy and palpation, should consist of specimen and cytology at least of (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) removal of both ovaries and abdominal hysterectomy. Para-aortic lymph nodes and pelvis, removal of invasion of more than 1/2 of the myometrium more done for tumors have lymph node dissection, the characteristics of high risk, such as clear cell and tumor pathological grade 3 serous sometimes , or extension of the neck or appendages. Removal of the network is carried out sometimes.

It, so you can check the cleaning solution of the abdominal cavity in order to detect further evidence of cancer, to get, abdominal hysterectomy is recommended vaginal hysterectomy. Women with stage of stage 1 are at risk of high people with stage 2 disease and recurrence, offers surgery in combination with radiation therapy often. For those having four or disease stage 3 in particular, chemotherapy may be considered in some cases. Hormone therapy with progestogen and anti-estrogen, is used for the treatment of endometrial stromal sarcoma. Antibody Herceptin is used to treat the breast cancer overexpression protein HER2/neu can test some success in phase II trials in women with the uterine papillary serous carcinoma overexpression of HER2/neu will be.

Uterus invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Product name Uterus invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Cat. No. 8280523A
No. of samples 1
Description uterus, invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Age/Sex : 48/F
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Uterus invasive squamous cell carcinoma

Product Related Literature

Invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, is defined separately best:
Neuroendocrine: interaction with the hormone endocrine and nervous system, or is related to be involved. Malignant tumor of invasive cancer of epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other parts of the body. Neuroendocrine cancer can affect various parts of the body. In the neck, is rare for cervical cancer, but it is the form very aggressive. In the initial stage, asymptomatic neuroendocrine cancer (or show signs of disease or other illness, not producing). In more advanced stages, symptoms of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix include: pain in back and legs urination with bleeding from abnormal vagina, increase of textile, pelvic pain, pain, sex, fatigue, swollen pain in between. You may outstanding, death and transition occurs when you left.

Small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCC) is a member of better mixing cervical cancer and squamous cell carcinoma component form of cancer or (ADC), a non-SCC, a group of neuroendocrine often. SCC is an aggressive tumor that spreads rapidly in the beginning of the day, which leads to minimal chance of survival of patients with clinical course fatal. For less than 3% of cervical cancer of all, this is similar to the account and small cell lung cancer. As small-cell lung cancer and play an important role in the spread of cancer in the lymph nodes body. The SCC, beginning in the womb neck, diagnosis is very difficult. The involvement of lymph nodes, and mortally end, it can be spread out on the pelvic organs other.

Proliferation of lymph node metastasis, and thereby, systemic metastasis is much higher is required for the SCC is a more complex procedure than the SCC-SCC others. Is considered by the (ajronline.org) “, because patients with this disease and importance, of the natural history of small cell carcinoma of the cervix, that there is a systemic disease it, therapeutic strategies for this disorder, I is different from that of other cancers. ” According to reports (such as Yang, 2003) to, radiation therapy and pelvic multi-agent chemotherapy (radical hysterectomy), better results for patients with those obtained before surgery followed by chemotherapy after surgery was. Unfortunately, Pap smear is sufficient for the diagnosis of SCC alone, is sometimes misdiagnosed as No. 3 SCC on the basis of the results of the Pap test alone patients. It MRI that is required for proper diagnosis imaging studies is the highest level for imaging assessment of cervical cancer has been suggested. Routine, that is the main problem of accurate early diagnosis of SCC is a limitation of the dirt.

Is very rare, large cell carcinoma small cell carcinoma, such as this, such as (SCC) (LCC) is about 5% of the cervical cancer of all. Diagnose the sub-mucosa of the location of the tumor cause in the early stages of the LCC, it is difficult and very aggressive in order to reduce the mucosa intact. As with SCC, LCC is asymptomatic cases early. In a later stage, presenting irregular bleeding, pelvic pain and vaginal spotting, and discharge. Basis for the treatment of tumors is obtained by LCC therapy, when used for SCC, was diagnosed, multimodal therapy should be considered as SCC. Cervical cancer, there is a possibility that cough discharge and / or vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, leg swelling feet and back pain (edema), chronic symptoms of weight loss occurs again. This can be repeated on the liver vagina, pelvic lymph nodes, or lung. If it is not specified above, if. Radiation therapy can be treated with chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy with interstitial radiation therapy or intraluminal recurrence and is limited to the pelvis already provided, “radiation, only options, after. became about 50% “. year survival pelvic exenteration rectum and creating artificial bladder and bladder and / or removal uterus, vagina, pelvic exenteration is (Womenscancercenter.com) chemotherapy that you delete or surgical women with metastatic disease is useful for women with recurrent tumor can not.

Sensitive and reproductive organs sex female hormone basic uterus and uterus of most mammals, including humans. One end of the uterus mouth depending on the other species in the vagina, and is connected to the oviduct or both. This is usually in the marsupials, such as kangaroos and opossums such, we developed a placental mammal fully and partially people, some in the uterus that develops during pregnancy the fetus. The uterus of the two, depending on the species and typical, may be fused to the uterus partially or completely female fetus, the first in placental mammals. In many species with two uterus, one but it is working. You can not uterus is completely melted in some individuals, but in the higher primates other, such as chimpanzees and humans, horses and, usually, you have a uterus that fused completely. In English, the term uterus is used consistently within the medical and related occupations, long-term uterus of Germany is received is more common in everyday use.

Rather than most animals placing the eggs such as birds and reptiles such containing species ovoviviparity most have oviduct uterus. However, embryonic (as well as of ovoviviparity) A recent study of biology on the lizard Trachylepis ivensi, I revealed the development of similar very close to the development of eutherian mammal placenta. Monotremes, ie, this term is used to describe the same body in the fallopian tubes and uterus or mammal, produce the echidna and platypus, but the eggs, because it does not develop into the placenta of the mother, after fertilization and formation Not being supplied with additional. The marsupials, connect the third functioning as a birth canal, the vagina, the horizontal direction is used as a “vaginal” in the middle, each has a uterine two. Embryo of marsupials yolk sac, between placenta “real” single-pass and (egg features choriovitelline “placenta” that not only supplies the majority of the supply of the embryo, to give the nutrient consumption and uterine wall can be considered as a cross), from the formation maternal blood.

Testis seminoma

Product name Testis seminoma
Cat. No. 7890613A
No. of samples 1
Description testis, seminoma
Age/Sex : 34/M
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Testis seminoma

Product Related Literature

Gleason grading system was to evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer. Incorporated strategies prostate cancer stage helps to predict the other parameters, the estimated values ​​together, to guide the treatment. A more aggressive has given for prostate cancer based on microscopic appearance.Cancers with Gleason score higher Gleason score, it is a poor prognosis. Prostate biopsy is a procedure that is removed from the prostate of male small needle core sample is examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer. Result of blood test, the PSA level is related to the possible presence of prostate cancer rises to, this is usually performed. This can be (DRE) is caused by digital rectal examination abnormal. The PSA and there is room for discussion, PSA screening can be improved by (BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia), by infection, or to manipulate the prostate catheter surgery or hypertrophy benign. Procedure is usually performed in outpatient, you need a local anesthetic, but some people do report discomfort of biopsy. The most common side effects in the procedure is blood in feces and urine through the blood and a few days in a few weeks and then option ejaculation. Usually a self-limiting, these side effects do not require additional processing.

Procedure can be through the urethra, or through the perineum, do transrectally. And historically transrectally, the most common approach, is being carried out in guidelines tactile finger this. Currently, the most common method of prostate biopsy is the transrectal ultrasound prostate (TRUS) biopsy. Raw extension scheme take 12-14 core through a small needle in a systematic manner from different regions of the prostate from prostate. Antibiotics typically are defined in minmize so the risk of infection. Enema, you may be prescribed to themorning for the procedure. The procedures of the rectum, the doctor inserts ultrasound, to help the biopsy needle into the rectum. The local anesthetic, are then applied to the dental treatment, the prostate, was administered to the surrounding tissue in the same manner as local anesthetic. Spring prostate tissue biopsy needle is inserted into the prostate. Makes a specific sound, local anesthetic if it is satisfied, is held to a minimum discomfort.

In a multicenter study large patient 2299 people, 12 scheme biopsy site, and 44.4% detection rate general, inspection of the cancer detection rate, otherwise using another method for biopsy I am beyond the circuit of all. Ranging from <68% of the hospital in 2 PSA> 20 から 19% in the PSA direct patient, PSA level is related to the detection frequency of cancer. However, biopsy negative, does not guarantee that there is no disease. So you can see an ultrasonic often, prostate cancer, is “blind” systematic TRUS biopsy. This problem is exacerbated in larger prostate patient. Core 14 on-site inspection, additional, are made often “missed” at the site of the common regional front and tip of cancer. The biopsy of the first, is likely to miss the 20-30% of cancer clinically significant. Therefore, the subsequent biopsy is often followed by a negative biopsy of men with a level that sustained elevation of PSA. I have a biopsy detection rate of each session that cancer is reduced. Recently, in order to address this problem, researchers have examined the ability of mitochondrial DNA to help diagnose prostate cancer in biopsy negative.

Since the mid-1980s, for prostate cancer could not be seen on ultrasound due to poor soft tissue resolution, TRUS biopsy is used to diagnose prostate cancer in substantially the blind method. However, it is used for characterizing prostate cancer and identifying good in the middle of 2000 multi-parameter MRI. The study in surgical pathology specimens and correlated MRI, 59% together, showed a sensitivity specificity of 84%, T2, dynamic contrast, the diffusion-weighted images for the detection of cancer. Prostate many tumors missed by biopsy detection of conventional target an MRI guided biopsy. Prostate biopsy “goal” or MRI round, is as follows: two ways. MRI biopsy tract “core” (1) Direct combination of stored real-time MRI, using the biopsy device, fusion ultrasonography (2) (MRI-US). Recognition MRI-US or synthetic vision is disclosed.

When used alone, MRI is performed by the interventional radiologist prostate biopsy guide. Correlation is improved between ascompared MRI guided biopsy to TRUS during the final pathology and biopsy. The fusion NMR U.S. prostate biopsy, prostate MRI raw is executed before, when the biopsy, later, to guide the purpose suspicious urologist, MRI images are merged with ultrasound imaging. U.S. biopsy can be achieved in an office environment with various devices and fusion MRI. It appears better than the standard TRUS biopsy to detect prostate cancer by MRI guided biopsy of the prostate. It than blind systematic biopsy possibility of detecting the cancer is several times have been shown to target biopsy several groups in Europe and the United States was obtained using the fusion image. Potential target cancer is high, and more suspicious MRI, a biopsy.

What is needed from the reader for a fair amount of experience to study prostate MRI. We will continue to evolve as experience MRI scoring system for setting the level of suspicion of cancer have been described, a new modality will increase definitely. By 2013, guidelines for biopsy targeted a program of active surveillance that allows you to use a confirmatory biopsy in that not only concern of increased PSA, you want to add TRUS biopsy traditional staging and more accurate confidence in in spite of the patient registration, patient contains mainly of whom were negative for. In response to the initial biopsy, men towards the biopsy more and more, therefore, the use of pre-biopsy MRI is growing rapidly. The study NIH, the funding has been required, it is in progress to clarify the benefits of prostate biopsy targeted further.

Prostate adenocarcinoma Gleason’s Score 7

Product name Prostate adenocarcinoma
Cat. No. 7781403B
No. of samples 1
Description Prostate, adenocarcinoma
Age/Sex : 73/M
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Prostate adenocarcinoma Gleason's Score 7

Product Related Literature

Gleason grading system was to evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer. Incorporated strategies prostate cancer stage helps to predict the other parameters, the estimated values ​​together, to guide the treatment. A more aggressive has given for prostate cancer based on microscopic appearance.Cancers with Gleason score higher Gleason score, it is a poor prognosis. Prostate biopsy is a procedure that is removed from the prostate of male small needle core sample is examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer. Result of blood test, the PSA level is related to the possible presence of prostate cancer rises to, this is usually performed. This can be (DRE) is caused by digital rectal examination abnormal. The PSA and there is room for discussion, PSA screening can be improved by (BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia), by infection, or to manipulate the prostate catheter surgery or hypertrophy benign. Procedure is usually performed in outpatient, you need a local anesthetic, but some people do report discomfort of biopsy. The most common side effects in the procedure is blood in feces and urine through the blood and a few days in a few weeks and then option ejaculation. Usually a self-limiting, these side effects do not require additional processing.

Procedure can be through the urethra, or through the perineum, do transrectally. And historically transrectally, the most common approach, is being carried out in guidelines tactile finger this. Currently, the most common method of prostate biopsy is the transrectal ultrasound prostate (TRUS) biopsy. Raw extension scheme take 12-14 core through a small needle in a systematic manner from different regions of the prostate from prostate. Antibiotics typically are defined in minmize so the risk of infection. Enema, you may be prescribed to themorning for the procedure. The procedures of the rectum, the doctor inserts ultrasound, to help the biopsy needle into the rectum. The local anesthetic, are then applied to the dental treatment, the prostate, was administered to the surrounding tissue in the same manner as local anesthetic. Spring prostate tissue biopsy needle is inserted into the prostate. Makes a specific sound, local anesthetic if it is satisfied, is held to a minimum discomfort.

In a multicenter study large patient 2299 people, 12 scheme biopsy site, and 44.4% detection rate general, inspection of the cancer detection rate, otherwise using another method for biopsy I am beyond the circuit of all. Ranging from <68% of the hospital in 2 PSA> 20 から 19% in the PSA direct patient, PSA level is related to the detection frequency of cancer. However, biopsy negative, does not guarantee that there is no disease. So you can see an ultrasonic often, prostate cancer, is “blind” systematic TRUS biopsy. This problem is exacerbated in larger prostate patient. Core 14 on-site inspection, additional, are made often “missed” at the site of the common regional front and tip of cancer. The biopsy of the first, is likely to miss the 20-30% of cancer clinically significant. Therefore, the subsequent biopsy is often followed by a negative biopsy of men with a level that sustained elevation of PSA. I have a biopsy detection rate of each session that cancer is reduced. Recently, in order to address this problem, researchers have examined the ability of mitochondrial DNA to help diagnose prostate cancer in biopsy negative.

Since the mid-1980s, for prostate cancer could not be seen on ultrasound due to poor soft tissue resolution, TRUS biopsy is used to diagnose prostate cancer in substantially the blind method. However, it is used for characterizing prostate cancer and identifying good in the middle of 2000 multi-parameter MRI. The study in surgical pathology specimens and correlated MRI, 59% together, showed a sensitivity specificity of 84%, T2, dynamic contrast, the diffusion-weighted images for the detection of cancer. Prostate many tumors missed by biopsy detection of conventional target an MRI guided biopsy. Prostate biopsy “goal” or MRI round, is as follows: two ways. MRI biopsy tract “core” (1) Direct combination of stored real-time MRI, using the biopsy device, fusion ultrasonography (2) (MRI-US). Recognition MRI-US or synthetic vision is disclosed.

When used alone, MRI is performed by the interventional radiologist prostate biopsy guide. Correlation is improved between ascompared MRI guided biopsy to TRUS during the final pathology and biopsy. The fusion NMR U.S. prostate biopsy, prostate MRI raw is executed before, when the biopsy, later, to guide the purpose suspicious urologist, MRI images are merged with ultrasound imaging. U.S. biopsy can be achieved in an office environment with various devices and fusion MRI. It appears better than the standard TRUS biopsy to detect prostate cancer by MRI guided biopsy of the prostate. It than blind systematic biopsy possibility of detecting the cancer is several times have been shown to target biopsy several groups in Europe and the United States was obtained using the fusion image. Potential target cancer is high, and more suspicious MRI, a biopsy.

What is needed from the reader for a fair amount of experience to study prostate MRI. We will continue to evolve as experience MRI scoring system for setting the level of suspicion of cancer have been described, a new modality will increase definitely. By 2013, guidelines for biopsy targeted a program of active surveillance that allows you to use a confirmatory biopsy in that not only concern of increased PSA, you want to add TRUS biopsy traditional staging and more accurate confidence in in spite of the patient registration, patient contains mainly of whom were negative for. In response to the initial biopsy, men towards the biopsy more and more, therefore, the use of pre-biopsy MRI is growing rapidly. The study NIH, the funding has been required, it is in progress to clarify the benefits of prostate biopsy targeted further.

Prostate adenocarcinoma Gleason’s Score 9

Product name Prostate adenocarcinoma
Cat. No. 7781403A
No. of samples 1
Description adenocarcinoma
Age/Sex : 59/M
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Prostate adenocarcinoma Gleason's Score 9

Product Related Literature

Gleason grading system was to evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer. Incorporated strategies prostate cancer stage helps to predict the other parameters, the estimated values ​​together, to guide the treatment. Gleason score is given to the prostate based on its microscopic appearance. Cancer is more aggressive and high Gleason score, it is a poor prognosis. In most cases, radiologists and urologists, through the rectum using a biomedical scientist in the laboratory histology prepared microscope slides for immunohistochemistry for diagnosis by pathologists and H & E and needle, a hollow I remove a cylindrical sample of prostate tissue and (biopsy). Prostate, after being removed during surgery, a pathologist will slice the prostate for inspection.

The pathologist is assigned a Gleason score based on the sum of the two numbers. It is a rank of tumor models the most common, is the second number, the first number is the degree of the most common model of second. If the model of three of the first number is present, the most common and, second, is the highest class. For example, tumor model is the most common third degree, but it will be some cells is a fourth grader has been found, Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7. The second number, which is a slight change in the Gleason system pre-2005 is the level of the secondary cell lines most common. This class also known as Gleason pattern, or Gleason score, and is known as a sum Gleason. With the prognosis of five worst Gleason pattern and Gleason grade in the range of 1 to 5. Gleason score is in the range of 2 to 10, 10 to the worst prognosis. Cancer more aggressive Gleason 4 +3 and evaluation of Gleason 7 3 +4 Gleason. In addition, there is no really difference between the tumor or 10 attack assessment Gleason 9.

Then, in order to obtain a final result, these materials are added grease. Increasingly, pathologist, to provide evidence of “high” component. Where just a few of the 1 (Normal attack) model of 3 minutes. Therefore, there may be 3 +4 tertiary Gleason parts of the scheme to make it 5 – would be considered it, and prostate cancer more aggressive in Gleason 3 +4 5 without high-end models. Although it is a question as a certain degree of any full component highly malignant cancer. I have never seen almost 2 in the form of current, system Gleason, and prostate cancer Gleason pattern 1, and Is the rarely seen and live by definition. Gleason pattern 3 is the most common by far. So 3 +3 = 6 Gleason score, it is considered as a class of cancer can be seen in practice, usually, these cancers should have a pretty good estimate actually.

The scoring system, named pathologist in the development Minneapolis Veterans Affairs hospital is equipped with colleagues at other facilities in this Donaldson, in 1960. In 2005 from the international community of urinary pathology, Gleason, change the system. The sophisticated, standards, has changed the decision of some models. Incidentally, has a higher performance compared to the original Gleason score modified “above, it standard that is acceptable to the urological pathology current has been demonstrated. In this form, it remains important tools some.

Prostate cancer is a form of glandular cancer onset, of the male reproductive system in the prostate. Growth is slow prostate most cancers, but in some cases of invasive cancer of the prostate. Tumor cells can be from prostate other body parts, especially in lymph nodes and bone to (spread) transition. Prostate cancer, the problem may be pain, difficulty urinating, during intercourse, or cause erectile dysfunction. Other symptoms, may occur during the later stages of the disease potentially.

Is detected less frequently than South Asia, East Asia, in Europe, in the United States, detection rate of prostate cancer varies greatly throughout the world especially. Prostate cancer tends to develop in men over the age of 50. Globally, (currently, the first of the second in the United Kingdom and the United States) it is a major cause of the sixth of cancer-related death in men. Prostate cancer is most common in developed countries has increased in developing countries. However, many men, not treated without symptoms never, prostate cancer die because of other unrelated eventually. Many factors, including the Food and genetic is involved in the development of prostate cancer.

It can be shown by biopsy presence of prostate cancer, symptoms, physical examination, prostate specific antigen or (PSA),. The prostate-specific antigen test, detection of cancer will increase, but it does not reduce the death rate. Because of the risk of retreatment and overdiagnosis, such as prostate cancer, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force will remain asymptomatic, which is recommended for screening for prostate cancer using the test PSA in 2012. USPSTF concluded that the potential benefits of the test is not exceeded expectations harm.

Management strategy for prostate cancer, should be guided by the severity of the disease. I can be low-risk tumor to track active surveillance very safely. For curative treatment, typically do not include surgery according to radiotherapy and various normal or cases of advanced disease rarely more, cryosurgery, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and the (hormonal therapy Regardless, in some cases, it is reserved for applying a radiation of) possible. Several studies, masturbation, has been shown to reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

About human age, and health, of metastasis, appearance, and the base of the response of the cancer to initial treatment are important in determining the prognosis of the disease under the microscope. Decision of whether to treat (cancer contained in the prostate) localized prostate cancer patients and radical is a compromise between the adverse effects to the expected beneficial to survival and quality of life of patients.

Usually do not cause symptoms early prostate cancer. But sometimes, the symptoms are similar to these diseases as benign prostatic hyperplasia such frequent prostate cancer. These include (painful urination) dysuria to start the steady stream (nocturia) frequent urination frequent urination at night, difficulty urine, maintain, and, hematuria (blood in the urine) is included . About one-third of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between asymptomatic, two-thirds have more than one of these symptoms.

Prostate cancer is associated with dysuria prostate that surrounds the prostatic urethra. Therefore, changes in the gland can affect the urinary function directly. Secretion of the prostate and seminal of the urethra vas deferens deposits prostate as included in the content semen, prostate cancer, it’s performance sexual function and as difficult to obtain ejaculation and painful erection of such can cause problems.

Advanced prostate cancer, which can cause additional symptoms probably spread to other parts of the body. In many cases, (bones of the spine) spine, ribs and pelvis, the most common symptom is bone pain. Toward the proximal portion of the bone, cancer, spread to the bone of others, such as the femur in general. Prostate cancer of the spine, can be pressure and weakness of the legs, leading to fecal incontinence and urine, and spinal cord.

Bladder papillary transitional cell carcinoma

Product name Bladder papillary transitional
Cat. No. 7481303A
No. of samples 1
Description bladder, papillary transitional
Age/Sex : 62/M
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Bladder papillary transitional cell carcinoma

Product Related Literature

Papilloma grows (projection) exophytically in fingerprint list refers to a benign epithelial tumors. In this context, instead of the projections created by papillomas, pointing (for example, cereals) papillary tumors, existing. When used without connection to this, in many cases, it is those infections caused by (HPV) warts, human papilloma virus related (squamous cell carcinoma),. However, other conditions that cause papilloma, there is not a known cause, and the number of cases a lot of it. The HPV infection in most cases, there is no cancer that occurs, but human papilloma virus infection is a major cause of cervical cancer. Papillary epithelial origin benign tumor. Prediction arising from the mucosal surfaces of the cauliflower-like. It may be normally white or colored. This may be fixed or pedicle. The average size is less than 2.0 cm. I do not like strong for sex. The most common site in the palate, lips and tongue followed by uvula area. Period of up to 10 years a few weeks.

Renal papilla is a urine anywhere in the marrow pyramid sky in a small cup in the kidney. And wherein the convergence marrow manifold pipe so as to form a flow path Bellini to direct fluid histologically. To start as can be seen in transitional epithelium. chemicals or toxic to some of the kidney called nephrotoxins is, exercise their renal papilla. Renal papillae can lead to the death of cells in this region of the kidney called the renal papillary necrosis. The most common cause of toxic renal papillary necrosis is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen combination, aspirin, phenylbutazone, and dehydration. Pancreatic duct and common bile duct is perforated the middle portion of the second portion of the duodenum together at an angle, some 7 is referred to as a greater duodenal papilla formation of the structure to 10 cm below the pylorus.

Basal cell carcinoma (SCM), Skin cancer is the most common cancer. Kill or not metastasis rarely it. However, it is still considered to be malignant by invading surrounding tissue, it can cause damage to significant appearance and destruction.
Statistically, out of 10 Europeans, about 3, there is likely to develop basal cell carcinoma in his life in the United States. In 80% of all cases, basal cell carcinoma, a head and neck. I suspect this, and increase the frequency basal cell carcinoma of the body of recent years (trunk). It is also known as trichoblast basal cell carcinoma, to distinguish follicular sebum-apocrine germ. Therefore, trichoblastic cancer [citation needed], another name for these are affecting the baseline of differentiation. Form thymine dimers, the DNA damage is formed over-exposure to sunlight. DNA repair removes most UV damage, but has been cut cross-linking not all. The cumulative damage to the DNA, causing mutations, there is, therefore. Decrease the immune surveillance for new tumor cells probably, mutagenesis exposure, press the local immune system even in the sunlight.

The basal cell cancer, is characterized by keratocystic odontogenic tumor Gorlin syndrome or basal cell nevus syndrome, the jaw, as a result of (the soles of the feet) palms and soles calcification developing pit, of sickle brain (brain ribs and abnormal center line). Cause of the syndrome is a mutant PTCH1 9q22.3 inhibition staining, the tumor suppressor gene on the hedgehog signaling pathway. Mutation in a gene that is also where the hedgehog pathway, SMO also lead to basal cell carcinoma. Were taken for pathological examination in order to diagnose the basal cell carcinoma of the skin biopsy. The most common method is to the local anesthesia biopsy. Nodular basal cell carcinoma most can be diagnosed clinically, pimples intradermal nevus, sebaceomas, fibrous such, other options, benign, such as hypertrophic scars and acne scars early There is likely to be very difficult to differentiate it from lesion.

This may be fixed paraffin histopathology or frozen sections or histology. This is the preferred method for removing most of BCC. It can help experienced surgeons to identify the visible tumor that can not be seen by the naked eye in Dermatoscope accurately. Cure rate of this method is completely dependent on margin surgical otolaryngology head and neck surgeon, dermatologist or plastic surgeon to see whether the. (Delete, that there is no tumor visible on the skin) free surgery narrow margin in a high frequency of recurrence. Is obtained around a small tumor (6mm or less) without surgical margin of 4 mm with no surgical margin, were prepared (more than 6 mm) in a large tumor, treatment is very high or if it is 6 mm width – more than 95%. However, for cosmetic reasons, in particular, many physicians are 1-2 mm tiny surgical margin when operating in the face. In this case, incorrect, it is not a recurrence often (up to 38%) pathology report indicating the margin is much higher residual tumor.

Around the structure eyelids, nose, face, weakness of the standard surgical resection is a high rate of recurrence basal cell carcinoma of the face in particular. Figure on page 38 of the National Cancer Network full publication, most of the face except the maximum amount cheeks and center, shows the area risk of recurrence is high. Recurrent basal cell carcinoma after surgery before, in (CCPDMA special surgical margin control or treatment, look – the complete circumference around using) is one of the (Mohs surgery how the histology of frozen sections evaluation of deep margin is required.

Bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Product name Bladder transitional cell carcinoma
Cat. No. 7481203A
No. of samples 1
Description bladder, transitional cell carcinoma
Age/Sex : 56/F
Price 197 EUR
260 USD
170 GBP

Bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Product Related Literature

Usually, (UCC or urothelial cell carcinoma also TCC,) transitional cell carcinoma, is a kind of cancer that occurs in the urinary system: appendage kidney, and bladder,. This is the most common type of cancer of the urachal bladder cancer, ureter, and urethra. This is the most common type of second of kidney cancer, but it is 5 to 10 percent of the primary malignant renal tumor of all.  TCC is derived from transitional cell lining, to the inner surface of the tissue hollow body like this. The term “urine” is used to refer specifically to mean TCC urinary tract, urothelial carcinoma. Urothelial cancer, is a classic example of a malignant tumor arising from the environment carcinogenic effects. Cause the most important by far is smoking that contribute to about half of the disease. Exposure, and that it predisposes to bladder cancer is known to pesticides such as those workers in the oil industry for the production of pigment and chemical dyes (prototypically aniline dye) was received. Interestingly, the risk is increased, urine, and thus is reduced by increased fluid consumption probably less surface urine “Rt is more”. On the contrary, such as long-haul truck drivers who happen once long-term urinary retention, risk increased between. As with most cell carcinoma, physical stimulus is associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation of the urothelium. Therefore, (as in patients with multiple sclerosis or paraplegia) urothelial cancer, chronic urinary tract stone disease, chronic catheters, and is more common in connection with chronic infection.

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is, get to treatment is very difficult. Treatment of stage TCC localized is a surgical resection of the tumor, but frequently relapse. A regimen of six (this is the chemotherapy drug) was given mitomycin into the bladder, some patients, a single dose in a matter of weeks or postoperative period or immediate (24 hours), after the operation It is said. Early TCC / localized, can be treated with injection of BCG into the bladder. They are given weekly for three weeks (or induction course or) six weeks (maintenance / booster dose). Likely to develop systemic tuberculosis (TB) is low, become sensitized to BCG patient or cause serious intolerance, for scarring potential, side effects, reduce the volume of the bladder.

In surgical treatment patients fundamental in the form of being able to onset of muscle invasion, carried out in the gall bladder prostatectomy usually lymph node sampling. Because in such patients, bowel loop acts as a storage area for frequently to urine evacuation before or from the body through urostomy or urethra each or “neo-bladder”, and you can create “drug pipeline” it is used to. The TCC, including (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, cisplatin) to the MVAC chemotherapy regimen. Bladder cancer is one of several types of malignant tumors due (i.e., urothelium) to the bladder epithelium. In rare cases, the bladder is not configured in cancer of non-epithelial, such as sarcoma and lymphoma, but not included in the Common Name them normal “bladder cancer”. This is a disease that abnormal cells are applied to the outside of the control of the bladder. Store hollow, bladder is a muscular organ the urine, it is located in the pelvis. Summarizes the normal tissue structure urothelium, transitional cell carcinoma, precisely, the most common type of bladder cancer, known as urothelial carcinoma or more. In addition, it is estimated 383,000 cases of bladder cancer, the world exists. Bladder cancer, cause blood of normal urine (flushing). The blood in the urine can be detected by (microscopic hematuria) microscope or just seen naked eye (macroscopic / gross hematuria). Hematuria is the most common symptom of bladder cancer.

The symptoms of a possible other, there is a feeling to urinate without being able to do so pain during urination, urine, or frequency. It also, not specific to bladder cancer, signs and symptoms of these are caused by non-cancerous disease infection of the prostate, such as cystitis and overactive bladder. I thought hematuria, such as vascular malformation stones, infection, kidney disease, and kidney cancer, and the cause of many other of the urethra and bladder. Is a major factor for some cancers of the bladder, smoking in most populations, smoking is associated with more than half of all cases of bladder cancer in one third of cases of many men and women . There is a linear relationship between the risk and there smoking, non smoking reduces the risk. that passive smoking is included has not been proven. In a study of 10 years, including 48,000 people almost, men who drank 1.5 liters of water per day, the researchers one found that as compared with men who drank a significant reduction in the incidence of bladder cancer is small 240 ml per day (about 1 cup). This has not been confirmed in other studies still, part of the bladder cancer, the authors suggest might be due to the direct contact carcinogens bladder excreted in urine.

30% of bladder tumors, resulting from occupational exposure to carcinogens such as benzidine workplace such probably. 2 located in cigarette smoke – also naphthylamine, increasing the risk of bladder cancer has been shown. (Including the shoes) bus drivers, rubber workers, exercise mechanics, leather, blacksmith, machinery manufacturer, profession at risk are mechanics. We are the frequent exposure to permanent hair dye for beauty shop, and is considered to be at risk. It is considered mutations in HRAS, and KRAS2, RB1, FGFR3, that it may be associated in some cases.

In a study of 2008, and vegetables conclusion fruit, orange yellow, “fruits and vegetables specific, you can take action to reduce the risk of bladder cancer” carrot and especially the World Health Organization commissioned, those containing selenium is associated with a reduced risk of moderately bladder cancer probably. Cruciferous vegetables and citrus fruits, are identified as having a possible protective effect. However, analysis of 47 909 people in the medical field, in follow-up studies, as compared to a statistically significant decrease among those people that consume a large decrease in cancer, and yellow vegetables generally Fruits and particularly cruciferous vegetables that correlation was found mostly between the high consumption of green leafy vegetables and. The bladder is one of the most sensitive organs in the induction of detoxifying enzyme extract, but several studies have shown. This is evident in bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo human cells, in animal models. In human cells caused by bacteria sulforaphane potential in vitro anti-cancer effect bladder cancer, germ extract sulforaphane, broccoli was observed to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.