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In addition, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, known as stromal tumor of the cervix and cervical dysplasia (CIN), the abnormal growth of squamous cells on the surface of the cervix and pre-cancerous changes potentially is (dysplasia). CIN is not a cancer, is usually cured. Without interference, most cases of CIN has been eliminated from the host immune system, or are stable. If allowed to stand, a small percentage of the progress of the case is usually made, cervical cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC),. Sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), a major cause of CIN is a chronic infection of the cervix with HPV type 18 or 16 high-risk especially. HPV types more than 100 have been identified. For a dozen of these species, can cause cervical dysplasia appears, may lead to the development of cervical cancer. I cause the warts of other types.

Microscopic changes in the earliest corresponding to CIN is the mucous membrane of the cervix is ​​virtually undetectable by the woman or dysplasia epithelial surface. For example, changes in cells associated with infection by HPV as koilocytes is observed at CIN often. CIN has been found generally, screening tests, by smear “Pup” or Papanicolau. The purpose of this test is to detect precancerous changes potentially. The Pap test results, it can be reported using the Bethesda system. You can lead to recommendation of colposcopy neck and neck between the result of the abnormal Pap smear has been examined at a magnification. I will be taken unusual coverage into account the biopsy. Cervical dysplasia, can be diagnosed by biopsy. CIN 1 does not require treatment if time is less than two years. Treatment of CIN is big with the destruction and elimination of tumor cells of the cervix cryocautery, electrocautery, laser ablation, by conization of neck procedure or loop electrical excision. Therapeutic vaccines are undergoing clinical trials. Rate of repeat CIN life is about 20%, but the proportion of cases what these, it is not clear new infection, the recurrence of the original infection.

In mammals, it is endocrine gland, which is located on top of the kidneys adrenal glands (also known as adrenal glands) in humans, but the shape of the right adrenal gland was a triangle, left adrenal gland is a half-moon shape. Through the synthesis of catecholamines, such as norepinephrine and (adrenaline) epinephrine such, in response to stress, is responsible mainly for the release of hormones and corticosteroids, such as cortisol such they. I produce androgen in cortical layer on the inside of you also, endocrine glands of these. Adrenal, affect kidney function through the secretion of aldosterone, the recent data, the adrenal, adrenal cortex cells, suggesting that shown in neuroendocrine characteristics under physiological conditions and pathological, this nerve endocrine differentiation appears to be limited to the cells of the zona, the regulation of adrenal function may be important for secretion.

Located quadrilaterial shape excellent retroperitoneum kidney, adrenal glands, are arranged on both sides. The total weight of the adrenal glands in the 7-10 g range of adults. They are surrounded by fat capsule, renal fascia. Each adrenal gland has two structures of production either, the brain and the inner adrenal medulla outside the hormone. Cortex to produce cortisol, aldosterone and androgens mainly, the brain generates a norepinephrine and epinephrine mainly. Unlike the direct control of the brain cortex, renin and hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland under the control of neuroendocrine hypothalamus – is regulated by the angiotensin system.

Adrenal cortex is devoted to the production of androgen hormones and corticosteroids. Skin cells specific produce, and certain hormones, including androgens aldosterone and cortisol, and androstenedione. Under normal conditions, adrenal unload, human produce the equivalent of 35-40 mg per day cortisone acetate. Adrenal cortex is composed of a layer or three zones. The anatomical band may be understood in microscopic level that can each zone is identified based on anatomical characteristics and structural and distinguish from one another. Not only the adrenal cortex, showing a zonation functional: based on the specific enzymes that are present within each zone, the zone will produce and secrete another hormone.